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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 január 2024
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Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

25 July 2017

This report describes the developments in collectively agreed pay in the EU Member States in 2014 and compares them to developments in previous years. While growth in collectively agreed pay in nominal terms declined, the declining growth of prices resulted in real collectively agreed pay increasing

05 August 2015

The average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union of 38.1 hours did not change between 2013 and 2014. In both years, the working week also remained, on average, 30 minutes shorter than the EU28 average in the EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more

16 July 2015

In 2013, the average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union was 38.1 hours, the same as in 2012. However, the working week was, on average, 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more recent Member States. If the

23 June 2014

The available national data reveal that average nominal collectively agreed pay increases in 2013 were roughly the same as or lower than those in 2012 in all the countries examined. However, because of lower inflation rates, employees in a number of countries saw the purchasing power of their wages

12 June 2014

EIRO’s annual analysis of collectively agreed pay for 2012 finds that although average nominal agreed increases were slightly greater than in 2011 in many countries, the rise in prices diminished people’s purchasing power. In real terms, only a handful of countries had positive collective pay

09 July 2013

In 2012, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union, including Croatia, stood at 38.1 hours, the same as for the EU27 in 2011. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States

25 June 2013

According to EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends, average collective agreed nominal pay increases in 2011 did not differ greatly from 2010 in most of the 13 countries with available data. Most variations ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 percentage points, except for Belgium with the highest growth in

08 October 2012

In 2011, average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38.1 hours. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States. Agreed normal annual working time averages nearly 1,720

15 August 2012

EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends for 2010 finds that average collectively agreed nominal wage increases were lower than in 2009 in almost all 13 countries with available data, with Malta being the exception. The highest reductions in nominal pay increases were in Slovakia (5.5% in 2009 to 2.2%

16 October 2011

Online resources results (321)

Public sector unions agree to new deal

The Irish government [1] has succeeded in its efforts to renegotiate the Public Service Agreement 2010–2014 to cut public service costs by an estimated €1 billion. [1] http://www.gov.ie/

Social council makes progress on key issues

The Council of Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs (EPSCO [1]) met on 20 and 21 June 2013 in Luxembourg. The council meets around four times a year, and is composed of employment, social protection, consumer protection, health and equal opportunities ministers. [1] http://www

Health and social care wages return to pre-crisis levels

Reforms and austerity measures in the health and social care sectors have affected the quantity and quality of services. Cost-cutting reforms have reduced the number of service providers and state-funded services because organisations cannot afford to pay employees’ salaries. Consequently, the

New working time model for retail sector

A new working time model for people who work on Saturdays in Austria was unveiled on 8 July 2013. The alternative to existing Saturday work rules was proposed by social partners, along with the commerce section of the Federal Economic Chamber (WKO [1]) and the Union of Salaried Employees, Graphical

‘Fitness check’ for information and consultation directives

The European Commission (EC [1]) issued the results of a so-called ‘fitness check (348KB PDF) [2]’ of EU law on the provision of information to and consultation of workers on 26 July 2013. [1] http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm [2] http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=10415&langId=en

Postal workers win concessions after strike

A wildcat strike was launched by around 80 independent parcel post workers in the Netherlands on 25 June 2013. The self-employed drivers, known as ZZPs, who work for PostNL [1], had rejected proposed lower pay rates offered by the postal company for the delivery of each parcel. The drivers had been

Government presents employment policy for next 12 months

A year after the first Grand Social Conference (*FR1205031I* [1]) in July 2012, the Government of France [2] held a second. It invited 300 representatives of employers, trade unions, and regional and local authorities to take part. The second Grand Social Conference [3] was held on 20–21 June 2013.

Agreement on quality of working life and professional equality

After nine months of negotiation, an agreement has been signed by social partners in France on the quality of working life and professional equality. The deal was signed by all three of the country’s employer organisations. Three of the five union confederations put their names to the document – the

Interim report on 2013 bargaining round

In July 2013, the Institute for Economic and Social Research (WSI [1]) in Germany published its interim report (1.34 MB PDF, in German) [2] on the 2013 collective bargaining [3] round. The study was put together using data from the Collective Agreement Archive (Tarifarchiv [4]) of the Hans Böckler

Solidarity contract saves jobs at major steelworks

Ilva, which produces and processes steel, employs 14,512 people in five Italian production plants. The company’s most important production site, which employs 11,457 people, is in Taranto, Puglia, in southern Italy, and is one of the biggest steel production plants in Europe.


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 jún 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 december 2020

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