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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 január 2024
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Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In 2010, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38 hours. The figure was 0.4 hours lower in the pre-2004 EU15 and 1.7 hours higher in the new Member States. Agreed normal annual working time averages around 1,708 hours – around 1,693 hours in the EU15 and 1

27 July 2011

In 2009, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38.7 hours. The figure was 0.8 hours lower in the pre-2004 EU15 and 0.9 hours higher in the new Member States. Agreed normal annual working time averages around 1,750 hours – just above 1,700 in the EU15 and a

25 July 2010

EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends finds that the average collectively agreed nominal wage increase across the EU fell from 5% in 2008 to 4.2% in 2009. In the former EU15, the average nominal increase declined from 3.8% in 2008 to 3.1% in 2009, while in the 12 new Member States that joined the EU

23 June 2010

EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends finds that the average collectively agreed nominal wage increase across the EU fell from 7% in 2007 to 6.6% in 2008. Taking into account inflation, which rose strongly in 2008, the rate of real pay increase across the EU fell sharply, from 3.6% in 2007 to 1.3% in

03 September 2009

In 2008, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38.6 hours; agreed normal annual working time averaged about 1,740 hours. Of the three economic sectors examined in this study, agreed weekly working hours are highest in metalworking (38.7), followed by the

23 July 2009

Transnational Framework Agreements are a new industrial relations instrument that encourages the recognition of social partnership across national borders and could lead to new forms of social regulation at global level. The rationale for taking the initiative to negotiate such agreements can be

22 June 2009

The review of pay trends in Europe in 2006 and 2007 finds that average collectively-agreed nominal wage increases across the EU rose from 5.6% in 2006 to 7% in 2007. However, taking into account rising inflation, the rate of real increase fell from 2.7% in 2006 to 2.3% in 2007. During the period

03 August 2008

This review of working time developments in Europe in 2005 and 2006 finds that over the period the average collectively agreed weekly working time in the EU was 38.7 hours, while agreed normal annual working time averaged around 1,750 hours. Of the eight sectors and occupational groups examined in

18 July 2007

This review of pay trends in Europe in 2005 and 2006 finds that average collectively-agreed nominal wage increases across the EU rose from 4.9% in 2005 to 5.6% in 2006. When inflation is taken into account, the rate of real increase rose from 1.9% in 2005 to 2.7% in 2006. However, the data show that

01 July 2007

Increasingly, corporate decision-making takes place at transnational level; however, employees’ rights to information and consultation are still defined at national level. To bridge this gap, a 1994 Directive was adopted, aimed at promoting voluntary agreements on the constitution and operation of

12 March 2007

Online resources results (321)

One-hour strike ends collective agreement dispute in transport

Social partners in the transport sector began negotiations on a new collective agreement in the autumn of 2012. However, no consensus had been reached by the time the previous agreement expired at the end of February 2013.

Renault signs first competitiveness agreement for France

The management of the French car manufacturer Renault [1] has signed an agreement with union representatives of the French Confederation of Professional and Managerial Staff – General Confederation of Professional and Managerial Staff (CFE-CGC [2]), the French Democratic Federation of Labour (CFDT

New collective agreement for the electricity sector

Following seven months of negotiations, the new national Collective Agreement for the Electric Sector (in Italian, 2.03Mb PDF) [1] was signed on 18 February 2013. [1] http://www.filctemroma1.it/file/ipotesiccnlelettrico.pdf

Impact of consultation and information process

The purpose of the INFORMIA II [1] research project was to study the impact of the recast of the European Union’s Directive on information and consultation [2]. It also aimed to look at the links between national and European level in this context in a number of EU Member States and candidate

Electricity sector training needs agreed

On 15 March 2013, the EU-level social partners in the electricity sector – Eurelectric [1] for employers, the European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU [2]), and IndustriAll Europe [3] for the trade unions – adopted a joint framework of actions, Competences, qualifications and anticipation

Unions in Bulgaria and Romania establish interregional council

The Confederation of Independent Trade Unions in Bulgaria (CITUB [1]) and the Romanian National Trade Union Confederation (Cartel Alfa [2]) signed a bilateral agreement in the summer of 2012. The establishment of an interregional council for Bulgaria and Romania is a natural continuation of this

Social partners sign pact on youth unemployment

The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR, in Swedish [1]) and the Swedish Municipal Workers’ Union (Kommunal [2]) have signed an agreement (in Swedish, 272Kb PDF) [3] on ‘working life introductory positions’. The aim of the agreement is to encourage municipalities, county

New agreement in chemical and pharmaceutical sector

In March 2013, Italy’s employer organisations agreed on a renewal of the National Collective Agreement for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sector. The agreement was signed by the Federchimica [1] and Farmindustria [2], as well as all of the sectoral trade union federations – the Filctem Cgil [3]

Social partners in labour market talks

Finland’s leading business organisation, the Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK [1]), has opened the way for a national accord on jobs and employment in the country. It says it is willing to take part in tripartite negotiations with unions, but wants workers to consider a two-year pay freeze.

Protection for call centre workers

On 1 February 2013, the national collective agreement (in Italian, 3.66Mb PDF [1]) for employees working in telecommunications enterprises was renewed. It was signed for the employers by the Italian Employers Association of Telecommunication Operators, ASSOTELECOMUNICAZIONI – ASSTEL [2], and for the


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 jún 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 december 2020

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