Invalidnost in kronične bolezni
Invalidnost ali kronična bolezen je na splošno opredeljena kot trajno zdravstveno stanje, ki omejuje vsakodnevne dejavnosti osebe ali njihovo sposobnost interakcije s svetom okoli sebe na enaki osnovi z drugimi. Ker se prebivalstvo EU stara, narašča število invalidov ali kroničnih zdravstvenih težav. Številni Evropejci z invalidnostjo ali kroničnimi boleznimi imajo številne ovire, ki jim preprečujejo, da bi v celoti sodelovali v vsakdanjem življenju, dostop do trga dela pa ostaja eden glavnih izzivov. Spodbujanje dejavnega vključevanja in pravic invalidov ali kroničnih bolezni v družbi je prednostna naloga agende EU.
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Orodja politike zaposlovanja invalidov za vključevanje delodajalcev - Ozadje
Ta ozadje obravnava kontekst politike EU glede sodelovanja oseb z invalidnostjo na trgu dela, pregleduje glavne ovire za vrzel v zaposlovanju invalidov ter predstavlja politična orodja in prakse na delovnem mestu, ki podpirajo njihovo zaposlitev, zadrževanje in razvoj kariere.Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Respondents with disabilities hit harder by unmet medical needs
Eurofound’s 2024 e-survey shows that people with disabilities in Europe are more than twice as likely as others to face unmet medical needs, with 40% reporting barriers in accessing healthcare. Financial situation, age, employment status and limited transport, especially in rural areas, are among the main reasons, underscoring persistent inequalities despite EU commitments to equal treatment.Eurofound na podlagi podatkov iz evropske raziskave o kakovosti življenja (EQLS) in evropske raziskave o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) ter drugih raziskav preučuje neenakosti in izzive, s katerimi se soočajo invalidi, ter politične pristope, ki bi jih bilo mogoče preučiti.
Podatki iz e-ankete Življenje in delo v EU osvetljujejo položaj invalidov v času pandemije, primerjajo njihov položaj v zvezi z dostopom do zdravstvenega varstva, duševnim počutjem, finančnim stanjem in optimizmom glede prihodnosti.
Raziskava preučuje tudi razvoj politik v državah članicah EU, namenjenih podpori vključevanju invalidov na odprt trg dela, s posebnim poudarkom na treh fazah: zaposlitev, ohranitev zaposlitve in vrnitev na delo po odsotnosti. Preučuje mehanizme in učinkovitost ukrepov politike, ki so bili vzpostavljeni pred pandemijo, ter posodobljeno analizo zgodnjih ukrepov politike, ki so bili sprejeti po pandemiji.
Publikacija: Invalidnost in vključevanje na trg dela: politični trendi in podpora v državah članicah EU
Evropska komisija je 3. marca 2021 predstavila strategijo za pravice invalidov za obdobje 2021–2030. Na podlagi prejšnje 10-letne strategije za obdobje 2010–2020 je njen cilj zagotoviti, da lahko invalidi v celoti sodelujejo v družbi enakopravno z drugimi. Čeprav je bil v zadnjih desetletjih dosežen napredek pri dostopu do zdravstvenega varstva, izobraževanja, zaposlitve, rekreacijskih dejavnosti in udeležbe v političnem življenju, je treba še veliko storiti za odpravo ovir. Določa ključne pobude v okviru treh glavnih tem: pravice EU; samostojno življenje in avtonomija; nediskriminacijo in enake možnosti. Komisija je leta 2022 kot vodilno pobudo predstavila sveženj za izboljšanje rezultatov invalidov na trgu dela. Leta 2024 je bil dosežen politični dogovor o predlogu Komisije za direktivo o uvedbi evropske invalidske izkaznice in evropske parkirne karte za invalide.
Strategija o invalidnosti prispeva k akcijskemu načrtu evropski steber socialnih pravic ki ga je Komisija predstavila 4. marca 2021. Steber, ki so ga institucije EU uradno razglasile novembra 2017, odraža skupno zavezo zagotavljanju zdravega, varnega in dobro prilagojenega delovnega okolja za delavce v EU. Poudarja pravico do enakega obravnavanja in enakih možnosti pri zaposlovanju, socialni zaščiti, izobraževanju ter dostopu do blaga in storitev, ki so na voljo javnosti, ne glede na invalidnost.
10-letna strategija zagotavlja okvir za podporo ukrepom na ravni EU in držav članic za izvajanje Konvencije Združenih narodov o pravicah invalidov, ki so jo ZN sprejeli leta 2006.
Evropska komisija: Unija enakosti: Strategija za pravice invalidov za obdobje 2021–2030opens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Evropski dan invalidov 2024opens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Akcijski načrt za evropski steber socialnih pravicopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Invalidiopens in new tab
Združeni narodi:Konvencija o pravicah invalidovopens in new tab
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13 January 2025
Quality of life in the EU in 2024: Results from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey
Eurofound’s e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns. This factsheet outlines the most recent data on the main challenges faced by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on the rising cost of living, health and mental health, access to healthcare services, work–life balance, and changes in telework opportunities. View the publication or read the findings in digital format via the related content.
21 March 2022
People with disabilities and the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey
A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in many spheres of their lives.
This policy brief explores the situation of Europeans with disabilities during the pandemic. Using data from the third round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, conducted in February–March 2021, it compares the situation of respondents with and without disabilities in four areas: access to healthcare, mental well-being, financial situation and optimism about the future. The analyses show that on all indicators the situation of people with disabilities was significantly worse.
18 April 2021
Disability and labour market integration: Policy trends and support in EU Member States
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
15 October 2019
How to respond to chronic health problems in the workplace?
The number of workers living with chronic health conditions is rising in the EU. Such conditions affect people’s ability to work to varying degrees. While some are unable to continue working, many wish to and would be able to do so if their workplace made adaptations to accommodate their needs. Maintaining labour force participation is a key issue for policymakers in the context of demographic ageing and a falling working-age population.
This policy brief examines chronic disease in EU workplaces: its prevalence, the impact on ability to work, the extent that workplaces are making adjustments for workers with chronic disease and the effect of that on job quality. It finds that most workers with a chronic disease that limits their ability to work do not benefit from workplace accommodation. It also finds that such adaptations can have a positive impact on the quality and sustainability of work.
30 November 2018
Social and employment situation of people with disabilities
People with disabilities are among the most disadvantaged groups in the EU. This policy brief examines the social situation of people of working age with disabilities, using data from the 2011 and 2016 rounds of the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS). The brief looks at changes over this period in employment, education and training, participation in society, social protection and healthcare, all priority areas of the European Disability Strategy. The brief also looks at the subjective well-being of this group of Europeans and examines the factors that influence their well-being. Among its policy pointers, the brief highlights the work that must be done to improve the employment situation of people with disabilities.
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt je višja vodja raziskav v enoti za socialno politiko pri Eurofoundu. Odkar se je leta 2013 pridružila Eurofoundu, je njeno delo zajemalo širok razpon področij socialne politike. Trenutno usklajuje Eurofoundove dejavnosti v zvezi z upravljanjem in razvojem raziskav ter vodi pripravo in analizo e-raziskav o covidu-19. Daphne ima več kot 20 let izkušenj kot raziskovalka pri mednarodnih raziskavah, pred tem pa je delala v enoti Eurobarometra pri Evropski komisiji in v Nacionalnem centru za družbene raziskave v Londonu, kjer je sodelovala pri mednarodnem programu družbenih raziskav. Daphne je magistrirala iz politike kazenskega pravosodja na London School of Economics in diplomirala iz političnih znanosti na državni univerzi v San Franciscu.
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
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