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Leave

For workers, leave arrangements have a direct impact on quality of life, work-life balance and the overall sustainability of working life. The main leave entitlements of importance to workers are annual leave, maternity leave, parental leave, paternity leave and sick leave, so that the worker can recover from being ill. The European Pillar of Social Rights encourages gender-balanced use of family-related leave and flexible working arrangements. Women and men shall have equal access to special leaves of absence in order to fulfil their caring responsibilities towards both children and ageing parents.

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Recent updates

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktober 2023
Publication
Research report
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The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes...

14 oktober 2021
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Jorge Cabrita is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit. He is responsible for formulating, coordinating and managing European-wide research, and promoting the...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (14)

This article presents some of the key developments and research findings on aspects of individual employment relations in the EU during the first quarter of 2014. The terms and conditions of employment, entitlements and obligations and aspects related to the termination of the employment

18 February 2015

Working time policies, although designed within the national and sectoral framework and the boundaries of institutional regulations, are fine-tuned and implemented at the level of each company, taking account of the environment in which the company operates and the workforce it is employing. Hence

08 December 2009

The Foundation’s Company Survey on Working Time and Work–Life Balance 2004–2005 set out to map the use of a variety of working time arrangements in companies, to assess the reasons for their introduction and their impact. This analytical report addresses the issue of parental leave as well as other

17 June 2008

The comparative supplement in this issue of EIRObserver looks at the current position on family-related leave in 19 EU Member States and Norway, focusing on regulation by collective bargaining. The supplement also examines the views of trade unions and employers on this issue and assesses the impact

30 November 2004

Online resources results (102)

Employers oppose work and care framework bill

A "work and care" framework bill proposed by the Dutch State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment, provoked a storm of criticism from employers in February 1999. The central employers' organisation, VNO-NCW, and the organisation representing small and medium-sized businesses, MKB, both voiced

New pay settlements take decentralised approach

The period from January to March 1999 saw new collective agreements in a number of sectors which were not covered by 1998's main private sector bargaining round for the area covered by the Danish Federation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisationen i Danmark, LO) and the Danish Employers' Confederation

Agriculture and forestry heading for sixth week of annual leave

Early 1999 is due to see three main sets of collective bargaining in Denmark - covering the agriculture and forestry sector (including horticulture, the dairy industry and abattoirs), the public sector and the finance sector. The settlement in the first of these areas, concluded in January, has

Employment Relations Bill published

The long-awaited Employment Relations Bill [1] was published on 28 January 1999 and has begun its passage through Parliament. The Bill will implement the package of individual, collective and "family-friendly" employment rights set out in the Labour government's/Fairness at work/ white paper issued

Difficult collective bargaining round in prospect

Bargaining in the main private sector area covered by the two largest confederations, the Danish Federation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisationen i Danmark, LO) and the Danish Employers' Confederation (Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening, DA), took place in spring 1998. It resulted in a major industrial

Problems in transposing the National Action Plan on Employment

In late 1998, Luxembourg's National Action Plan for employment, negotiated on a tripartite basis in April 1998, was mired in controversy in the various professional chambers and within the framework of the legislative procedure in parliament. Despite the efforts of the minister of labour and

Study finds that a third of employees frequently attend work when sick

The traditional Swedish "full employment" model is coming under increasing threat from a number of sources. Higher levels of unemployment, structural changes in both the public and private sector, "downsizing" and a decrease in the numbers employed in the public sector have all had an influence on

Committee proposes clarification of employers' responsibility for rehabilitation of employees

During the 1980s, ill-health and occupational injuries increased in Sweden, and the social consequences of long term sickness absence came to be seen to be as equally as devastating as unemployment. Consequently, much thinking took place on finding ways to help sick or injured employees to return to

Growth in sickness absence slows

The recent increase in the rate of sickness absence among Norwegian employees has so far not led to any changes to the basic sickness benefit scheme, which provides employees with full pay compensation from the first day during periods of absence from work through sickness. The first 16 days of

Improved conditions for families with small children top the agenda

Improved conditions for families with small children were a central theme in the Prime Minister's traditional speech delivered on New Year's Day 1998 (DK9802156N [1]). Having been through the March general election, the May referendum on the Amsterdam Treaty and 11 days of major industrial conflict


Blogs results (1)
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Few events challenge the equilibrium between work and life like the arrival of a child. As gender roles continue to change in Europe, supporting the uptake of paternity and parental leave among fathers is fundamental, not just to close the ‘caring gap’ between men and women, but also to provide the

11 oktober 2018

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