Unemployment

Long-term unemployment, youth unemployment, and the increase in underemployed or involuntary part-time workers remains a concern in many Member States. Unemployment, and especially long-term unemployment, increases a person's risk of social exclusion, poverty and inequality, and adds to the cost of social services and public finances. According to the European Pillar of Social Rights, unemployed people have the right to personalised, continuous and consistent support, including adequate unemployment benefits of reasonable duration.

Human resources worker conducting a job interview via online videocall, using remote internet connection

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Forskningsrapport

8 October 2024

Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
Hans Duboisand 2 other authors

This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.

Anpassad rapport

2 February 2024

Social protection for the unemployed - Background paper
Hans Dubois,
Marie Hyland

This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to cushion the impact of job loss on household finances and act as an economic stabiliser. The paper examines trends in expenditure on unemployment benefits, identifies gaps in formal coverage, discusses groups for whom benefits are inadequate, and looks at non-take-up, rejection decisions, digitalisation of application procedures, and links between unemployment benefits and service entitlements.

Forskningsrapport

27 March 2023

Measures to tackle labour shortages: Lessons for future policy
+3
Tina Weberand 6 other authors

As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.

Experter om Unemployment

Eurofounds forskare tillhandahåller expertis och kan kontaktas för frågor eller mediefrågor.

Tadas Leončikas

Head of Unit
Employment research

Tadas Leončikas är chef för sysselsättningsenheten vid Eurofound sedan september 2022. Dessförinnan var han forskningschef vid enheten för socialpolitik, där han ansvarade för den europeiska undersökningen om livskvalitet (EQLS) och utvecklade Eurofounds enkätforskning. Sedan han började på Eurofound 2010 har han arbetat med olika ämnen, bland annat undersökningsmetoder, livskvalitet, social rörlighet, social inkludering, tillit och bostadsbrister. I sin tidigare karriär ledde han Institutet för etniska studier i Litauen där han arbetade med studier relaterade till situationen för etniska minoriteter, migranter och andra utsatta grupper. Som forskare har han tidigare samarbetat med Europeiska unionens byrå för grundläggande rättigheter, FN:s utvecklingsprogram och International Organization for Migration. Han har en doktorsexamen i sociologi.

Massimiliano Mascherini

Head of Unit
Social policies research

Massimiliano Mascherini har varit chef för enheten för socialpolitik vid Eurofound sedan oktober 2019. Han började på Eurofound 2009 som forskningschef och utformade och samordnade projekt om ungdomssysselsättning, unga som varken arbetar eller studerar och deras sociala inkludering samt om kvinnors deltagande på arbetsmarknaden. År 2017 blev han forskningschef vid enheten för socialpolitik, där han ledde ny forskning om övervakning av konvergens i EU. Förutom arbetet med den europeiska undersökningen om livskvalitet leder han också utarbetandet och analysen av e-undersökningarna om covid-19. Dessförinnan var han vetenskaplig handläggare vid Europeiska kommissionens gemensamma forskningscentrum. Han studerade vid universitetet i Florens, där han studerade aktuariella och statistiska vetenskaper och fick en doktorsexamen i tillämpad statistik. Han har varit gästforskare vid University of Sydney och vid Aalborgs universitet och gästprofessor vid Påvliga akademin för samhällsvetenskap.

Hans Dubois

Senior research manager
Social policies research

Hans Dubois är forskningschef vid enheten för socialpolitik vid Eurofound. Hans forskningsämnen inkluderar bostäder, överskuldsättning, hälso- och sjukvård, långtidsvård, sociala förmåner, pension och livskvalitet i närområdet. Innan han kom till Eurofound var han biträdande professor vid Kozminski-universitetet i Warszawa. Han avslutade en doktorsexamen i företagsekonomi och ledning vid Bocconi-universitetet (Milano), efter att ha arbetat som forskningssekreterare vid European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (Madrid).

John Hurley

Senior research manager
Employment research

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He contributes to a number of research projects including the European Jobs Monitor and has authored or co-authored over 20 reports as well as journal contributions and edited collections during his time at Eurofound. His main research interests are in the areas of comparative labour market analysis, restructuring and the changing world of work. John is a graduate of both Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin.

Allt innehåll för Unemployment

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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
The tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies