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Sozialer Dialog

Sozialer Dialog kann als Verhandlungen, Beratungen, gemeinsame Maßnahmen, Diskussionen und Informationsaustausch unter Beteiligung von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern definiert werden. Ein gut funktionierender sozialer Dialog ist ein Schlüsselinstrument für die Gestaltung der Arbeitsbedingungen, wobei eine Vielzahl von Akteuren auf verschiedenen Ebenen beteiligt sind. Er sorgt für einen Ausgleich der Interessen von Arbeitnehmern und Arbeitgebern und trägt zu wirtschaftlicher Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und zum sozialen Zusammenhalt bei.

Die jüngsten politischen Debatten auf EU-Ebene haben gezeigt, dass insbesondere seit der Krise im Jahr 2008 in den neu geführten Diskussionen über soziale Gerechtigkeit, Demokratie, Qualität der Arbeit und neue Modelle für die Arbeitsbeziehungen die traditionellen Arbeitsbeziehungen und Systeme des sozialen Dialogs infrage gestellt werden.

Dreißig Jahre nach der historischen Eröffnung des europäischen sozialen Dialogs in Val Duchesse in Brüssel brachte die Kommission mit einer hochrangigen Veranstaltung, die am 5. März 2015 stattfand und an der Sozialpartnerorganisationen aus ganz Europa teilnahmen, den Prozess eines Neubeginns des sozialen Dialogs auf den Weg. Der europäische soziale Dialog ist ein Instrument der EU-Sozialpolitik, das direkt zur Gestaltung des EU-Arbeitsrechts und der EU-Arbeitspolitik beiträgt.

 

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Tätigkeiten von Eurofound

Politische Entscheidungsträger benötigen solide Fakten, um die auf dem Arbeitsmarkt stattfindenden Veränderungen zu verstehen und auf die sich verändernde Dynamik bei den Arbeitsbedingungen in Europa reagieren zu können. Eurofound legt Daten und Analysen zugrunde, die sich auf sein Netzwerk von Korrespondenten in den 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten und Norwegen stützen, um Trends und Muster zu erfassen und auf Beispiele eines gut funktionierenden sozialen Dialogs auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene hinzuweisen.

Im Rahmen seiner Forschungsarbeiten untersucht Eurofound Aspekte wie Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung, Tarifverhandlungen, Mitarbeitervertretung und Arbeitsbeziehungen auf allen Ebenen. Dabei wird der Umfang untersucht, in dem sich die Arbeitsbeziehungen an das Entstehen multinationaler Organisationen angepasst haben. Zudem werden aus globaler Sicht Systeme der Arbeitsbeziehungen und Ergebnisse in Volkswirtschaften außerhalb der EU, wie den USA und Japan, verglichen.

Wichtige Beiträge

Eurofound hat im Laufe von über 40 Jahren umfassende Arbeiten zu den zahlreichen und sich verändernden Facetten des sozialen Dialogs in Europa auf den verschiedenen Ebenen (auf Unternehmensebene, nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene) erstellt.

In den vergangenen Jahren hat Eurofound eingehende Analysen der verschiedenen Themen im Mittelpunkt des sozialen Dialogs durchgeführt, wie etwa 

Die Repräsentativitätsstudien, die Eurofound im Anschluss an einen Auftrag der Kommission im Jahr 2006 in einer Reihe von Sektoren durchgeführt hat, liefern die grundlegenden Informationen, die für den Aufbau und die Tätigkeit der Ausschüsse für den sektoralen sozialen Dialog in Europa notwendig sind.

Ressourcen

Das 2005 als Online-Referenzinstrument für politische Entscheidungsträger und Praktiker entwickelte Europäische Wörterbuch der Arbeitsbeziehungen ist eine wertvolle Informationsquelle zu Beschäftigung und Arbeitsbeziehungen in der EU. Die Länderprofile zum Arbeitsleben bieten einschlägige Kontextinformationen zu den Strukturen, Einrichtungen und Regelungen des Arbeitslebens in den 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten und Norwegen sowie auf EU-Ebene.

Die Datenbanken zu Tarifverhandlungen und Löhnen, Arbeitszeiten und Tarifstreitigkeiten sollen Wissenschaftlern und politischen Entscheidungsträgern quantitative und qualitative Informationen zu diesen Themen für alle Mitgliedstaaten und Norwegen vom Jahr 2000 bis zur Gegenwart bereitstellen.

Key outputs

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In den vergangenen Jahren war über alle EU-Mitgliedstaaten hinweg – von einigen statistischen Ausreißern abgesehen – ein Rückgang der Arbeitskampfaktivität zu beobachten. Dieser Trend hat sich während der COVID-19-Pandemie fortgesetzt...

7 Februar 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 März 2021
Publication
Other
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Im Rahmen ihres Auftrags, den Dialog zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern zu fördern, überwacht und analysiert Eurofound seit über 40 Jahren die Entwicklungen der Systeme der Arbeitsbeziehungen auf EU-Ebene und in...

11 Dezember 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Denmark: Tripartite negotiations – staged approach seems to be working

When tripartite negotiations broke down almost as soon as they started in 2012, many labour market researchers and social partner representatives predicted the government would no longer invite the social partners to such negotiations. However, they have started again but only after the involved

Norway: Public procurement – new thresholds introduced despite joint protest from social partners

The government has doubled the value of public procurement contracts above which strict rules designed to discourage social dumping must be followed. The change brings Norway into line with European Economic Area Agreement rules. In a joint letter to the Minister of Trade and Industry, the employers

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

Protests against the proposed education reform, a new chairperson for the central tripartite body, the return of lower retirement ages and deregulation measures for businesses are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

A new government, the revival of public sector collective bargaining, an increase in the basic salary for civil servants and public employees, and setting the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

New collective agreements, ongoing negotiations in three key sectors, discussions about workplace surveillance, plans to improve the education system and an increase in the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Greece: Tripartite strategy for combating undeclared work

Greece’s informal economy is estimated to account for 25% of its gross domestic product. A three-year project to strengthen employment monitoring and inspection, improve tax collection, and educate employers and workers about the benefits of formal work is being led by the ILO, closely supported by

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 November 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Oktober 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 März 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Oktober 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 April 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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