Παράκαμψη προς το κυρίως περιεχόμενο
https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/ef9871el.pdf

πÛfiÙËÙ· ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË

Published:
26 August 2012
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Abstract
∏ ÈÛfiÙËÙ· ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ Î·È ÔÈ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ π‰Ú‡Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ıÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÎÚ›ÎÔ˘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ÚÔ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ›ÛˆÓ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ, ÒÛÙ ÔÈ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛˆÓ. ∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ›Û˜ ¢ηÈڛ˜ Ì ÙȘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó·Ó Û‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ ÙfiÛÔ ıÂÙÈÎfi fiÛÔ Î·È Î·ÈÓÔÙfiÌÔ Û ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ Ï·ÈÛ›ˆÓ ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁÒÓ. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔȯ›· Î·È ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÌÂÈÚÔÁÓˆÌfiÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÛÙ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛˆÓ, ¢ÓÔ˚ÎÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÈÛfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚÈÒÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Ô˘ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ Û˘Ì‚¿ÛÂȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Ó·Êı› Û˘ÓÔÏÈο 237 Û˘Ì‚¿ÛÂȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ›ÛˆÓ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ (Ì ‰ÈÏ¿ÛÈÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙȘ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ Û˘Ì‚¿ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜) ÛÙȘ ¯ÒÚ˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘. ∆Ô Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ·ÔÛÎÔ› ÛÙÔ Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿ÓÙÏËÛË ÁÓÒÛ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ›ڷ ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È Ó· ÂÓı·ÚÚ‡ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÙ·›ÚˆÓ, ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi Î·È ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›‰Ô. √ʤÏË ∏ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ıÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÂÛÌÔ‡ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ÈÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÔʤÚÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÔʤÏË, ÙfiÛÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚfiÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ÈÛfiÙËÙ·˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÂÙ·›ÚÔ˘˜. • ¢È¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ›ÛˆÓ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ ÁÈ¿ ¿Ó‰Ú˜ Î·È Á˘Ó·›Î˜: ÔÈ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ ÈÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚÈÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·ÛȷΤ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ. • ∏ ¢ÂÏÈÍ›· ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÙˆÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂˆÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÌÈ· ·ÎÚÈ‚¤ÛÙÂÚË ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË, «ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓË» ÛÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ˙ËÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ›ÛˆÓ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ. «¶ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓË» ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÔÈ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Â˘ÎÔÏfiÙÂÚ· ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜ ·fi Ù· ̤ÚË Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û ·˘Ù¤˜. • ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ‰Ú¿Û˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› Ó¤· ÛËÌ›· ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙˆÓ Û˘Ó‰ÈÎ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÚÔÛÂÏ·ÂÈ Ó¤· ̤ÏË. • ºˆÓ‹ ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ: √È Á˘Ó·›Î˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÂÌÂÈÚÔÁÓˆÌÔÛ‡ÓË Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ÂȉÈ΋ ›ڷ ·fi Ù· ÔÈΛϷ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÙȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ô˘ ‚ÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ˆ˜ ÂÌÂÈڛ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÛÙȘ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Î·È Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Û˘Ì‚¿ÛÂȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜. • ∂ÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂˆÓ Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ÙÔ˘ «ÛÎËÓÈÎÔ‡» Î·È Ù˘ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˜ ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎfi ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘. • √ÈÎÔÓÔÌÈο ÔʤÏË: Ë ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ Á˘Ó·ÈΛԢ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎÔ‡ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ∂Àƒø¶∞´∫√ π¢ƒÀª∞ ÁÈ· ÙË µÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ¢È·‚ÈÒÛˆ˜ Î·È ∂ÚÁ·Û›·˜ 4 5 SX-21-99-359-GR-D ∏ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ ÔÌ¿‰· • Brian Bercusson, ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Manchester, ∏µ Ë ÂÎÏÈÔ‡Û· Eva Bru

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