Πολιτικές για την αγορά εργασίας
Το σχέδιο δράσης για τον ευρωπαϊκό πυλώνα κοινωνικών δικαιωμάτων αποσκοπεί στην αύξηση του ποσοστού απασχόλησης του πληθυσμού ηλικίας 20 έως 64 ετών σε τουλάχιστον 78 % έως το 2030. Απαιτούνται πολιτικές για την αγορά εργασίας χωρίς αποκλεισμούς που αποσκοπούν στην αύξηση της συμμετοχής στην αγορά εργασίας των υποεκπροσωπούμενων ομάδων, όπως οι ηλικιωμένοι, τα άτομα χαμηλής ειδίκευσης ή τα άτομα με αναπηρία, προκειμένου να διασφαλιστεί η ανάπτυξη της απασχόλησης χωρίς αποκλεισμούς. Ταυτόχρονα, οι ενεργητικές πολιτικές για την αγορά εργασίας (ΕΠΑΕ), οι οποίες αποσκοπούν στην αύξηση των ευκαιριών απασχόλησης για τα άτομα που αναζητούν εργασία και στη βελτίωση της αντιστοίχισης μεταξύ κενών θέσεων εργασίας και ανέργων, διαδραματίζουν καίριο ρόλο στην αντιμετώπιση της μακροχρόνιας ανεργίας και των υφιστάμενων αναντιστοιχιών δεξιοτήτων. Παραδείγματα ΕΠΑΕ περιλαμβάνουν κατάρτιση, υπηρεσίες αντιστοίχισης θέσεων εργασίας, επιδοτήσεις προσλήψεων, άμεση δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας για προγράμματα δημόσιας εργασίας ή ειδικά προγράμματα που αποσκοπούν στη διασφάλιση της μετάβασης από το σχολείο στην εργασία. Οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες απασχόλησης διαδραματίζουν καίριο ρόλο στην παροχή αποτελεσματικών ΕΠΑΕ και στην παροχή εισοδηματικής στήριξης σε περιόδους ανεργίας.
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4 September 2025
25 October 2024
30 September 2024
This Eurofound research paper explores the decarbonisation of residential heating through the adoption of heat pumps, a key component in the EU’s strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Heat pumps offer a highly efficient alternative to traditional heating systems, leveraging renewable energy sources to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Despite rapid market growth in 2022, progress stalled in 2023 due to economic factors and reduced subsidies. The Eurofound research paper highlights critical challenges, including substantial labour shortages, variation in the policy framework at national level (including incentives and supports) across Europe, the high cost of electricity relative to gas and the need to address low income and energy poverty in policy responses. Policy pointers that emerge from the study focus on expanding vocational training; standardising certification or ensuring mutual recognition of relevant qualifications; maintaining and expanding subsidies; addressing energy pricing; and increasing public awareness and guidance. Ensuring equitable access for low-income households and robust progress monitoring are also emphasised. This comprehensive approach is necessary to accelerate the deployment of heat pumps and support the EU’s ambitious climate goals.
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10 September 2024
Company practices to tackle labour shortages
This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to occupations in which shortages are common. Case studies were conducted across sectors and Member States to gain an insight into how organisations deal with recruitment and retention challenges in a tight labour market. The report offers lessons on steps employers can take to fill vacancies, whether acting alone or in partnership with other organisations. It builds on previous Eurofound research that developed a taxonomy of actions employers adopt aimed at addressing labour shortages.
21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
27 March 2023
Measures to tackle labour shortages: Lessons for future policy
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
20 July 2021
Tackling labour shortages in EU Member States
While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner interventions to tackle labour shortages, such as measures fostering geographical or occupational mobility, addressing skills shortages and underinvestment in skills, improving working and employment conditions, and providing better matching procedures.
18 April 2021
Disability and labour market integration: Policy trends and support in EU Member States
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and impacting the livelihoods of many citizens. Policymakers moved swiftly in an effort to mitigate the social and economic effects on businesses, workers and citizens. Eurofound’s COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database provides information on initiatives introduced to cushion these effects. Drawing on the content of this database of around 500 policy initiatives (April 2020), this report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers, setting this in the context of the evolving labour market situation.
Data: COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch
Εμπειρογνώμονες σχετικά με Πολιτικές για την αγορά εργασίας
Οι ερευνητές του Eurofound παρέχουν εξειδικευμένες γνώσεις και μπορούν να επικοινωνήσουν μαζί τους για ερωτήσεις ή αιτήματα από τα μέσα ενημέρωσης.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerΟ Dragoș Adăscăliței είναι ερευνητής στη μονάδα απασχόλησης του Eurofound. Η τρέχουσα έρευνά του επικεντρώνεται σε θέματα που σχετίζονται με το μέλλον της εργασίας, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του αντίκτυπου της τεχνητής νοημοσύνης στις θέσεις εργασίας, των συνεπειών της αυτοματοποίησης για την απασχόληση και των ρυθμιστικών ζητημάτων που περιβάλλουν την οικονομία των πλατφορμών. Είναι επίσης τακτικός συνεργάτης σε συγκριτικά έργα παρακολούθησης των διαρθρωτικών αλλαγών στις ευρωπαϊκές αγορές εργασίας. Πριν από την ένταξή του στο Eurofound, ήταν λέκτορας εργασιακών σχέσεων στο University of Sheffield, Management School. Είναι κάτοχος μεταπτυχιακού τίτλου στις Πολιτικές Επιστήμες από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Κεντρικής Ευρώπης και διδακτορικού διπλώματος στην Κοινωνιολογία από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Mannheim.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
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