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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 jaanuar 2024
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Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

25 July 2017

This report describes the developments in collectively agreed pay in the EU Member States in 2014 and compares them to developments in previous years. While growth in collectively agreed pay in nominal terms declined, the declining growth of prices resulted in real collectively agreed pay increasing

05 August 2015

The average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union of 38.1 hours did not change between 2013 and 2014. In both years, the working week also remained, on average, 30 minutes shorter than the EU28 average in the EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more

16 July 2015

In 2013, the average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union was 38.1 hours, the same as in 2012. However, the working week was, on average, 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more recent Member States. If the

23 June 2014

The available national data reveal that average nominal collectively agreed pay increases in 2013 were roughly the same as or lower than those in 2012 in all the countries examined. However, because of lower inflation rates, employees in a number of countries saw the purchasing power of their wages

12 June 2014

EIRO’s annual analysis of collectively agreed pay for 2012 finds that although average nominal agreed increases were slightly greater than in 2011 in many countries, the rise in prices diminished people’s purchasing power. In real terms, only a handful of countries had positive collective pay

09 July 2013

In 2012, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union, including Croatia, stood at 38.1 hours, the same as for the EU27 in 2011. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States

25 June 2013

According to EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends, average collective agreed nominal pay increases in 2011 did not differ greatly from 2010 in most of the 13 countries with available data. Most variations ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 percentage points, except for Belgium with the highest growth in

08 October 2012

In 2011, average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38.1 hours. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States. Agreed normal annual working time averages nearly 1,720

15 August 2012

EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends for 2010 finds that average collectively agreed nominal wage increases were lower than in 2009 in almost all 13 countries with available data, with Malta being the exception. The highest reductions in nominal pay increases were in Slovakia (5.5% in 2009 to 2.2%

16 October 2011

Online resources results (321)

Agreement safeguards more than 900 jobs at tyre plant

In March 2013, Bridgestone Europe [1] announced the closure of its car tyres plant in the southern Italian town of Modugno near Bari, in a region already suffering from high unemployment. The plant is owned by Bridgestone Italia [2]. The company said it was struggling to compete with low-cost

Experts meet to discuss income policy

Participants in the round table meeting included representatives of state institutions, trade unions and employers, as well as experts from the Low Pay Commission in the UK and the International Labour Organization (ILO [1]). [1] http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm

Social partners agree measures to promote growth and employment

In a joint report, Legislation for stability in jobs and growth (in Italian, 512KB) [1], the employers’ association Confindustria [2] and Italy’s three largest trade union confederations – the General Confederation of Italian Labour (Cgil [3]), the Italian Confederation of Workers’ Unions (Cisl [4])

Collective agreement in construction sector finally renewed

On 10 July 2013, unions and employer organisations in Luxembourg’s construction industry agreed to renew a sectoral collective agreement which covers about 14,000 people.

Social partners sign agreement against harassment in the banking sector

An agreement between Luxembourg's social partners in the banking sector reached on 9 July 2013 (published September 2013) sets out the conditions of the national agreement on harassment that are specifically aimed at this sector.

New company agreement at Fiat to safeguard production in Italy

Following the signing of a new company agreement (*IT1102019I* [1], *IT1007029I* [2], *IT1111029I* [3]), the Fiat Group withdrew from the collective bargaining framework for the metalworking industry, which had been in effect since 1 January 2012. [1] www.eurofound.europa.eu/ef/observatories/eurwork

Unions decry abrupt ending of banking sector agreement

The banking sector’s national collective agreement was renewed on 19 January 2012 (*IT1202039I* [1]), just over a year after the expiry of the previous one in December 2010. Negotiations were concluded quickly and with little difficulty, and were signed by the Italian Federation of Insurance and

Social partners uneasy over government deals with multi-nationals

The Government of Hungary [1] has been negotiating deals with large multinational companies in the manufacturing sectors. These ‘strategic agreements’ are intended to guarantee cooperation and mutual support between the Hungarian authorities and the companies involved. However, both trade unions and

Court rules some austerity measures to be unconstitutional

For the fourth time since the bail-out of Portugal by the Troika, the country’s Constitutional Court [1] has rejected austerity measures proposed by the centre-right Government of Portugal [2]. [1] http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/home.html [2] http://www.portugal.gov.pt/en.aspx

One million workers to lose collective agreement protection

The ‘ultra-activity’ principle of Spanish labour law guaranteed the continuation of a collective agreement, even after its expiry date. Its aim was to protect current working conditions even if an employer refused to sign a new agreement.


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 juuni 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 detsember 2020

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