Structural change

European labour markets have recovered strongly from COVID-19. By the end of 2021, little more than 18 months after the start of the pandemic, employment rates in the EU were almost at pre-crisis levels. This report summarises labour market developments in 2020 and 2021 using quarterly data from the EU Labour Force Survey. It does so from a structural perspective, with a focus on sector-level and occupation-level data, and key demographic variables: gender and age. Even if employment levels in EU Member States return to their pre-crisis levels, the composition of employment will have changed significantly. COVID-19 has accelerated some prior trends – occupational upgrading with increased employment in higher quality and higher paid jobs and the uptake of teleworking – in ways that are likely to leave a permanent mark on the structure of employment in the EU.

Is talamh torthúil í earnáil na baincéireachta miondíola chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar thionchar an digitithe ar an obair agus ar an bhfostaíocht. Cuirtear seirbhísí airgeadais ar fáil níos mó agus níos mó ar líne, gan idirghabhálaí institiúidí atá os comhair custaiméirí. Tá go leor banc san earnáil ag dul faoi athstruchtúrú sraitheach ón ngéarchéim airgeadais dhomhanda, agus tá sé ar cheann den bheagán earnálacha seirbhíse le fostaíocht marbhánta nó ag laghdú. Chomh maith leis na hathruithe teicneolaíochta ar an gcaoi a gcuirtear seirbhísí ar fáil, tá an earnáil ag freagairt dúshláin eile freisin, lena n-áirítear ualach rialála agus comhlíonta méadaithe, iomaíocht ó fintech, agus rátaí úis ísle agus brabúsacht laghdaithe. Déanann na cás-staidéir sa tuarascáil seo cur síos ar shamplaí d'athstruchtúrú san earnáil le déanaí, cad a spreag an t-athstruchtúrú, conas a bainistíodh é agus conas a chuaigh sé i bhfeidhm ar fhostaíocht, ar eagrú oibre, agus ar thorthaí gnó agus fostaithe eile.