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Starenje radne snage

Starenje europskog stanovništva nameće tvorcima politika mnoge izazove u pogledu zapošljavanja, radnih uvjeta, životnog standarda i dobrobiti, a dovelo je i do zabrinutosti u pogledu održivosti mirovinskih sustava i opskrbe radnom snagom. Za promicanje mogućnosti zapošljavanja za radnu snagu koja stari potrebno je novo razmišljanje na razini poduzeća te na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini.

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From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Unatoč znatnom rastu stope zaposlenosti starijih radnika tijekom proteklog desetljeća u mnogim zemljama EU-a, Zajedničko izvješće o zapošljavanju Europske komisije za 2017. ističe potencijal dodatnog povećanja tih stopa. Stopa zaposlenosti starijih radnika u dobi od 55 do 64 godine 2016. u EU-u je iznosila 55,3 %, u usporedbi sa stopom od 66,6 % zaposlenih osoba u dobi od 15 do 64 godine u cjelini. Porast je bio najveći među starijim ženama.

Europski stup socijalnih prava pruža okvir za pomaganje tržištima rada u prilagodbi novim izazovima uz istodobno promicanje pravednosti i solidarnosti među generacijama. Naglašava pravo na radno okruženje prilagođeno profesionalnim potrebama radnika kako bi im se omogućilo produljenje sudjelovanja na tržištu rada. Osim toga, nedavni autonomni sporazum europskih socijalnih partnera o aktivnom starenju i međugeneracijskom pristupu obvezuje se na olakšavanje aktivnog sudjelovanja starijim radnicima i time omogućavanje dužeg ostanka na tržištu rada.

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound je već dugo stručni autoritet u pogledu problema s kojima se suočava starija radna snaga. Istraživanja su od 1990.-ih bila usmjerena na sudjelovanje na tržištu rada, učinkovitost na radnom mjestu, radne uvjete i preferencije u pogledu rada starijih radnika u kontekstu politike promjenjivog demografskog profila Europe. Eurofound se usredotočio na potporu javnosti i na inicijative na razini poduzeća za poticanje zapošljavanja starijih radnika. Promatrao je starije radnice, ističući sve veće stope zaposlenosti ove skupine i njihov rastući udio u radnoj snazi, posebno u dobnoj skupini od 55 do 64 godine.

Rezultati istraživanja

Eurofoundova opsežna istraživanja pružaju niz podataka o situacijama starijih radnika. Šesto Europsko istraživanje o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) uspoređuje starije radnike u različitim dimenzijama kvalitete posla. Iako je manje vjerojatno da će stariji radnici ostati bez posla u odnosu na mlađe radnike, podaci pokazuju da stariji radnici smatraju da ako postanu nezaposleni, neće dobiti slično plaćen novi posao te da će imati poteškoće u ponovnom ulasku na tržište rada.

Istraživanje utemeljeno na Eurofoundovu petom Europskom istraživanju o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) razmatra obilježja starije radne snage i rada u različitim životnim razdobljima, kao i čimbenike koji čine posao održivim za radnu snagu koja stari: dobre radne uvjete, fizičku i psihičku dobrobit i ravnotežu između poslovnog i privatnog života.

Eurofoundovo Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života (EQLS) pruža rezultate o različitim dimenzijama kvalitete života u Europi prema dobi. Analiza preferencija u pogledu rada nakon 50. godine života oslanja se na treće Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života i pokazuje da mnogi stariji radnici radije rade manji broj sati čak i nakon što se uzmu u obzir njihove financijske potrebe. Olakšavanje boljeg usklađivanja radnog vremena s preferencijama radnika može omogućiti ljudima da rade dulje i motivirati ih.

Produljenje radnog vijeka

Eurofound se nedavno pridružio još trima agencijama Europske unije radi proučavanja radnih mjesta u Europi prilagođenih starijim dobnim skupinama, izazova politika povezanih sa starenjem radne snage i inovativnih rješenja.

Mnogi radnici nisu u mogućnosti raditi ili nisu motivirani da rade do zakonske dobi za umirovljenje. Međutim, postoji i skupina koja je sposobna i voljna raditi i nakon nje. Eurofound istražuje sve češću pojavu rada nakon umirovljenja.

Nedavna istraživanja usredotočila su se na produljenje radnog vijeka putem fleksibilnih sustava umirovljenja, posebno sustava djelomičnog umirovljenja koji to mogu olakšati. Pregledi karijere na polovini radnog vijeka isto tako mogu pridonijeti produljenju radnog vijeka. U istraživanjima se analiziralo na koji način takvi pregledi mogu pomoći radnicima u razmatranju mogućnosti za ostajanje na radnom mjestu do što kasnije dobi za umirovljenje. Ističu se različiti instrumenti koje su poduzeća razvila kako bi zadržala starije radnike.

U ostalim istraživanjima dokumentirane su nacionalne i sektorske inicijative vlada i socijalnih partnera za zadržavanje starijih radnika na tržištu rada, uključujući financijske poticaje i poboljšane uvjete. U ranijem projektu analizirane su inicijative za upravljanje pitanjem starenja uvedene prije i nakon recesije kako bi se istaknule dobre prakse u poduzećima u Europi.

Izvori

Key outputs

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Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci...

28 siječnja 2022
Publication
Research report
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This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 svibnja 2019
Publication
Research report
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Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 siječnja 2018
Publication
Research report
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Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 prosinca 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

Europe is facing unprecedented demographic change including a previously unknown ageing of the population. In view of these demographic and societal changes, social inclusion of the elderly is of growing importance. In searching for measures to promote the social inclusion of the older population

02 March 2011

The results of Eurofound’s second European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS 2007) show that older people run the risk of being socially excluded. The highest proportion of people reporting a feeling of being ‘left out of society’ is in the over-65 age bracket. Compared to younger age groups, a much

19 January 2010

Over the last decade, Foundation research has examined effective ways of promoting the participation of older workers in the labour market, to enhance their contribution and productivity, and prevent their early exit and unemployment. This report extends the research to the new Member States and the

21 April 2009

This issue of Foundation Findings deals with older women workers in Europe. Older women workers represent an increasing proportion of the workforce in the EU, especially in the 55–64 years age group. Employment rates for older women workers have been increasing in Europe. Foundation Findings provide

22 February 2009

The report highlights four factors which are key to shaping the age structure of Europe’s workforce: ensuring career and employment security; maintaining and promoting the health and well-being of workers; developing skills and competencies; and reconciling working and non-working life. The findings

21 September 2008

This report looks at the evolution of initiatives related to older employees undertaken by selected organisations (case studies) in Ireland over the last decade. It reviews the following points: main impacts of measures/initiatives at the company level; driving forces for implementing good practice

10 November 2007

This report looks at the evolution of initiatives related to older employees undertaken by selected organisations (case studies) in Estonia over the last decade. It reviews the following points: main impacts of measures/initiatives at the company level; driving forces for implementing good practice

17 October 2007

This report looks at the evolution of initiatives related to older employees undertaken by selected organisations (case studies) in Bulgaria over the last decade. It reviews the following points: main impacts of measures/initiatives at the company level; driving forces for implementing good practice

17 October 2007

This report looks at the evolution of initiatives related to older employees undertaken by selected organisations (case studies) in the Czech Republic over the last decade. It reviews the following points: main impacts of measures/initiatives at the company level; driving forces for implementing

17 October 2007

This report looks at the evolution of initiatives related to older employees undertaken by selected organisations (case studies) in Cyprus over the last decade. It reviews the following points: main impacts of measures/initiatives at the company level; driving forces for implementing good practice

16 October 2007

Online resources results (133)

Working environment shown to play role in early retirement

Since the Labour Market Commission (Arbejdsmarkedskommissionen [1]) thematised early retirement from the labour market, the issue has been widely debated and analysed. The Labour Market Commission was set up in December 2007 to propose initiatives to permanently increase employment, while tackling

Fostering employment of older engineers in manufacturing sector

In June 2009, the Cologne Institute for Economic Research (Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln, IW Köln [1]) published a study (in German, 75Kb PDF) [2] on the employment prospects of older engineers and the human resources policies adopted by companies to tackle the adverse impact of an ageing

Significant increase in labour market participation of older workers

The report [1] on the labour market participation of people aged 55–64 years and their career paths (in Spanish) [2] was published in May 2009 by the research institute Fundación 1º de Mayo [3]. The latter was established by the Trade Union Confederation of Workers’Commissions (Comisiones Obreras

More part-time work and lower job quality among older workers

The study ‘Retirement of the elderly from the labour market’ (Eakate taandumine tööturult (in Estonian, 135Kb PDF) [1]) by Statistics Estonia (Statistikaamet) [2] analysed the employment patterns and transition to retirement among 50–69 year old people, based on 2006 Estonian Labour Force Survey

Company attitudes towards employing older workers

The survey (in Bulgarian) [1] ‘Employment of the workforce aged 50 to 64 years– opportunities for development’ was conducted by the Labour and Social Protection Department of the University of National and World Economy (UNWE [2]) in late 2006. The main findings were published in 2007 in the UNWE

Employers’ expectations regarding recent graduates

Universitas Press Kft [1]/,/ a Hungarian research company specialised in research on various aspects of higher education, carried out a study to explore employers’ expectations in relation to young graduates’ competences and skills. The study aimed to identify the skills, abilities and personal

Company practices in promoting active ageing

In April 2006, the Centre for Population, Poverty and Socioeconomic Policy Studies (Centre d’Études de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques/International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, CEPS/INSTEAD [1]) published the findings of a

Expectations about working capacity at age 60

The Working Conditions Survey [1] is conducted every seven years in France, supplementing the country’s Labour Force Survey. The survey covers workers in employment and is conducted by the Research and Statistics Department (Direction de l’animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques

Job retention law leads to unwanted side-effects

In the 15 older EU Member States before enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and 2007 (EU15), Luxembourg – along with Belgium – has the lowest employment rate among workers aged 55–64 years. Despite a rise in employment rates among people in this age group between 2001 and 2004, Luxembourg

Municipal employees are postponing retirement

The pension reform in 2005 in Finland aimed to increase the number of years in employment towards the end of a person’s work career (FI0403203F [1]). The reform included a new flexible retirement age, ranging from 63 to 68 years, and the abolishment of some early retirement options. Moreover


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 siječnja 2024
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Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 ožujka 2019
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Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 studenog 2018
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In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 lipnja 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 siječnja 2018
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 rujna 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

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