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Odmeňovanie a príjem

Odmeňovanie a príjem stoja v centre pracovnoprávnych vzťahov a kvality života. Vzhľadom na vývoj v ekonomike a celkovo v spoločnosti vyvolaný krízou sa tejto problematike venuje na úrovni EÚ ešte viac pozornosti.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 január 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

V Európskom pilieri sociálnych práv sa stanovujú záväzky EÚ týkajúce sa miezd: právo pracovníkov na spravodlivú mzdu, ktorá im zabezpečí dôstojnú životnú úroveň, zaistenie adekvátnej minimálnej mzdy a predchádzanie chudobe pracujúcich.

Práca nadácie Eurofound

Nadácia Eurofound pravidelne vydáva správy o rôznych aspektoch odmeňovania a príjmu vzhľadom na meniacu sa hospodársku situáciu v Európe.

Monitorovanie odmeňovania

Nadácia Eurofound prostredníctvom svojho Európskeho monitorovacieho centra pracovného života (EurWORK) zhromažďuje množstvo informácií o odmeňovaní. Vďaka pravidelnosti týchto správ je k dispozícii dlhšia séria pozorovaní o dohodnutej odmene, čo umožňuje sledovať trendy v jej vývoji. Nadácia Eurofound pravidelne uverejňuje aktuálne informácie o zákonom stanovenej minimálnej mzde a dohodnutej odmene. Monitoruje aj vývoj na vnútroštátnej úrovni vo vzťahu k mechanizmom stanovovania miezd, rovnosti odmeny, pohyblivej odmene, nízkym odmenám a rozdielom v odmeňovaní žien a mužov.

Profily krajín z hľadiska pracovného času obsahujú informácie o odmeňovaní na vnútroštátnej úrovni a pravidelne sa aktualizujú. Nadácia EurWORK na tému odmeňovania vedie dve databázy (pozri zdroje nižšie).

V rámci jej európskeho nástroja na monitorovanie pracovných miest (EJM)sa vyhodnocujú zmeny v zamestnanosti podľa zamestnania na základe rôznych kvalitatívnych meraní vrátane odmeny. Vo výraznej miere prispieva k prehľadu o tzv. polarizácii zamestnanosti, čiže miere, do akej sa predpokladá, že rast zamestnanosti bude väčší na vrchnej a spodnej úrovni rozdelenia miezd než na strednej.  

Údaje z prieskumu

V prieskumoch nadácie Eurofound sa monitorujú aj podmienky odmeňovania v EÚ. Odmeňovanie je pre nadáciu Eurofound v rámci jej výskumu týkajúceho sa vyhodnocovania kvality práce v centre pozornosti. V Európskom prieskume pracovných podmienok (EWCS) je príjem jedným zo siedmich indikátorov kvality práce. V rámci prieskumu EWCS sa informuje aj o rozdiele v odmeňovaní žien a mužov. Pozrite si interaktívny nástroj na vizualizáciu údajov z prieskumu EWCS.

V rámci Európskeho prieskumu kvality života (EQLS) sa monitoruje vplyv príjmu na životnú úroveň a to, ako príjmová nerovnosť súvisí so sociálnou kohéziou a pohodou. Analyzuje sa tu, ako kríza ovplyvnila rodiny, skúmajú sa rodiny s nízkymi príjmami, zadĺženie domácnosti a skupiny, ktorým hrozí chudoba. V prieskume EQLS sa získavajú informácie aj o príjmoch na dôchodku a možnostiach predĺženia pracovného života. Pozrite si interaktívny nástroj na vizualizáciu údajov z prieskumu EQLS.

V Európskom prieskume podnikov (ECS) sa zachytáva používanie rôznych režimov odmeňovania v organizáciách, ako aj krytie zamestnancov v týchto organizáciách kolektívnymi dohodami o mzdových podmienkach. Prieskum umožňuje prepojiť informácie o rôznom odmeňovaní a vyjednávaní o mzdách s informáciami o organizácii práce, riadení ľudských zdrojov, priamej účasti zamestnancov a sociálnom dialógu, ako aj s výkonom a dobrými podmienkami na pracovisku.

Key outputs

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Výročný prehľad minimálnych miezd za rok 2023 bol vypracovaný v kontexte bezprecedentnej inflácie v celej Európe. Hoci to v mnohých krajinách viedlo k prudkému zvýšeniu nominálnych mzdových sadzieb, v mnohých...

29 jún 2023
Publication
Research report
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V tejto správe sa skúma rozdelenie bohatstva domácností v členských štátoch EÚ a analyzuje sa úloha bohatstva v rámci sociálnej mobility. Na základe údajov z troch súborov údajov (prieskum financií a spotreby v domácnostiach, výskum zdravia, starnutie...

30 marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

This report examines social inequalities in the distribution of freedoms and opportunities among individuals and population subgroups in Europe. Using data from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), the report builds up an evidence base on social inequalities in four critical areas of life

03 December 2013

This policy brief highlights findings on a specific topic from Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) that is of particular interest from a policy perspective. It brings results of the analysis of these data together with evidence from other Eurofound projects to formulate a number of

08 November 2013

Despite much legislative progress in gender equality over the past 40 years, there are still gender gaps across many aspects of the labour market. Inequalities are still evident in areas such as access to the labour market, employment patterns and associated working conditions. This report explores

29 October 2013

In recent years, practices such as outsourcing and contracting-out have increasingly blurred the boundaries between dependent employment and self-employment. A new group of workers has emerged, which comprises workers who are formally ‘self-employed’, but present some characteristics of employees

29 September 2013

EIRO’s annual analysis of collectively agreed pay for 2012 finds that although average nominal agreed increases were slightly greater than in 2011 in many countries, the rise in prices diminished people’s purchasing power. In real terms, only a handful of countries had positive collective pay

09 July 2013

With the average age of the population rising, people aged 55–64 make up an increasing share of workers in Europe. This demographic shift, as well as ongoing threats to the sustainability of national welfare and pension systems, has increased pressure for reforms to encourage longer careers. This

29 April 2013

This paper looks at wages from two different angles: from the perspective of individual employees, discussed in conjunction with their working conditions, and from the perspective of the industrial relations system. After a brief overview of EU-level policy developments with a potential impact on

29 January 2013

This annual review describes the developments in industrial relations and working conditions in 2011 in the EU Member States and Norway, at both national and EU level, with a focus on the economic situation and responses to it. The report describes the current economic situation in EU Member States

10 December 2012

What determines life satisfaction and happiness? How do we value our social situation and immediate surroundings? How has this changed with the economic crisis? For the third wave of the European Quality of Life survey, 35,500 Europeans in all EU Member States were interviewed, in an effort to gain

27 November 2012

It is increasingly common for workers in the EU to take up paid work after retirement. This trend adds an important dimension to the current discourse on extending working lives. Facilitating work after retirement for those who want to work can contribute to sustainable pension systems. This study

14 November 2012

Online resources results (888)
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Minimum wages in 2022: Bigger hikes this time around

The first overview of minimum wage setting for 2022 shows that, while some negotiations are still ongoing, virtually all EU Member States have increased their nominal statutory rates. Compared to last year, when most countries settled for cautious increases against a background of deep uncertainty

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Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on wages and wage setting

The COVID-19 crisis had a significant impact on wages and wage setting across Europe in 2020. The uncertain economic scenario, together with the difficulties inherent in online bargaining, led to a general postponement of collective agreements to 2021, especially at company level. Real wages

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Wages in long-term care and other social services 21% below average

New data from the EU Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) show that, on average, EU Member States paid their social services workers 21% less than the average national hourly earnings in 2018: this compares with 19% less than the average in 2010 and 20% less in 2014. The majority of social services

Living, working and COVID-19: Impact on gender equality 11 March 2021, European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) virtual meeting Presentation by Maria Jepsen, Acting Executive Director, Eurofound

22 marec 2021
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Member States are dawdling on gender pay transparency

The gender pay gap in gross hourly earnings in the EU was 14.8% in 2018. To help combat discriminatory pay practices by employers, the European Commission recommended in 2014 the introduction of pay transparency measures in all Member States. But more than half still have not implemented any such

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EU seeks views on the minimum wage

Against a background of growing polarisation, it is worth remembering the model of social dialogue that allows us each year to debate and reach thousands of agreements that start from different and distant positions and interests.

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To have or have not: A statutory minimum wage

​​​​​​​Cyprus and Italy are currently considering the introduction of a universal minimum wage floor by law. With this move, they would be joining 22 other EU Member States that already have one in place. In the remaining Member States – Austria, Denmark, Finland and Sweden – and in Norway, too

Latvia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A new agreement on overtime pay, a warning about the power balance between employers and employees, an increase in wages and a workforce deficit are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Latvia in the second quarter of

United Kingdom: latest working life developments Q2 2018

The social partners’ joint statement on the risk of a no-deal Brexit risk, launch of the first labour market enforcement strategy and a record low for workers’ strikes are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 máj 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 január 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 august 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 jún 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 október 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 apríl 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 február 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (4)

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