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Pracovnoprávne vzťahy a sociálny dialóg

Pracovnoprávne vzťahy a sociálny dialóg sú jednou zo šiestich hlavných aktivít pracovného programu nadácie Eurofound na obdobie rokov 2021 – 2024. Eurofound bude naďalej pôsobiť ako odborné centrum pre monitorovanie a analýzu vývoja v systémoch pracovnoprávnych vzťahov a sociálnom dialógu na vnútroštátnej úrovni a na úrovni EÚ. Naďalej bude podporovať dialóg medzi sociálnymi partnermi, a to aj s ohľadom na vplyv pandémie COVID-19, pričom bude vychádzať z odborných znalostí siete korešpondentov nadácie Eurofound na vnútroštátnej úrovni.

V nasledujúcich štyroch rokoch Eurofound poskytne dôležité informácie o výzvach a perspektívach v oblasti pracovnoprávnych vzťahov sociálneho dialógu v EÚ. S dlhoročnými odbornými znalosťami v tejto oblasti Eurofound skúma hlavný vývoj s vplyvom na aktérov, procesy a kľúčové výsledky pracovnoprávnych vzťahov. Porovnáva národné systémy pracovnoprávnych vzťahov vrátane národného sociálneho dialógu a kolektívneho vyjednávania . V nadväznosti na svoju databázu COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch vytvorenú v roku 2020 bude Eurofound monitorovať politické iniciatívy vlád, sociálnych partnerov a ďalších aktérov s cieľom zmierniť sociálne a ekonomické dôsledky krízy, ako aj pomáhať pri úsilí o obnovu. Budú pokračovať pravidelné správy o vývoji stanovenia odmien minimálnej mzdy pracovného času , ako aj o výsledkoch pracovného života.

Odborné znalosti nadácie Eurofound podporujú budovanie kapacít sociálnych partnerov na dosiahnutie účinného sociálneho dialógu a agentúra podporuje rozvoj európskeho sociálneho dialógu skúmaním reprezentatívnosti organizácií sociálnych partnerov v rôznych sektoroch s cieľom posúdiť ich oprávnenosť na účasť vo výboroch pre sociálny dialóg.

„Sme tu, aby sme podporili dialóg medzi sociálnymi partnermi. Myslím si, že údaje, ktoré spoločne získavame, a výskum, ktorý robíme, je dôležitý, ak pomáha samotným aktérom fungovať lepšie… Živý sociálny dialóg je súčasťou toho, čo by sa dalo nazvať sociálne trhové hospodárstvo, ktoré sa Európska únia snaží dosiahnuť.“

David Foden, poradca, pracovnoprávne vzťahy

 

Topic

Recent updates

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Kľúčové politické odkazy

Infografika

Hlavné zistenia vyplývajúce z výskumu nadácie Eurofound slúžia ako vstup pre tvorcov politík pri riešení niektorých kľúčových problémov v tejto oblasti.

  • Sociálni partneri zohrávajú prostredníctvom kolektívneho vyjednávania dôležitú úlohu pri zabezpečení spravodlivého zaobchádzania s európskymi pracovníkmi a stabilného a predvídateľného rámca pre zamestnávateľov.
  • Efektívne kolektívne vyjednávanie zabezpečuje, aby sa súperenie medzi podnikmi mohlo zamerať skôr na zvyšovanie efektivity ako na využívanie práce prostredníctvom spoločných pravidiel odmeňovania a pracovných podmienok.
  • Systémy pracovnoprávnych vzťahov sú čoraz viac v ohrození z dôvodu zmien v spoločnosti, na pracovných trhoch a v organizácii práce. Prinieslo to výzvy pre schopnosti kľúčových aktérov v systémoch pracovnoprávnych vzťahov v členských štátoch.
  • Pokiaľ ide o odmeňovanie, zistenia ukazujú, že 7 z 10 pracovníkov s minimálnou mzdou v EÚ uvádza, že majú prinajmenšom určité ťažkosti vystačiť si s príjmom, v porovnaní s menej ako 5 z 10 ostatných pracovníkov. Tieto číselné údaje sa však v rámci jednotlivých krajín značne líšia. Na pozadí pandémie môžu minimálne mzdy v kombinácii politík zohrávať úlohu zameranú na stabilizáciu príjmov, a tým aj dopytu, s cieľom vyvážiť klesajúci trend vedúci k recesii alebo depresii.
  • Účinný európsky sociálny dialóg závisí od silných väzieb s národnou úrovňou, aby agenda EÚ zostala relevantná a autonómne dohody EÚ sa vykonávali aj na vnútroštátnej úrovni zmysluplným spôsobom.
  • Zatiaľ čo z európskeho sociálneho dialógu vyplynulo niekoľko spoločných iniciatív, uzavrelo sa len málo dohôd. V niektorých sektoroch panuje obava, že žiadosti sociálnych partnerov o implementáciu dohôd prostredníctvom európskych právnych predpisov boli zamietnuté a že sú potrebné lepšie väzby medzi EÚ a vnútroštátnymi úrovňami.
  • Klesajúce trendy v hustote odborov sú v mnohých členských štátoch predmetom obáv. Určitú formu zastúpenia zamestnancov má menej ako jedno z troch pracovísk (s 10 a viac zamestnancami) v EÚ (29 %). Kľúčovým generátorom prítomnosti zastúpenia sú legislatívne požiadavky.
  • Kolektívne vyjednávanie zostáva jadrom systémov pracovnoprávnych vzťahov v EÚ. Tvorcovia politík by mali využiť krízu COVID-19 ako príležitosť zaviesť nové iniciatívy na propagáciu, posilnenie a podporu kolektívneho vyjednávania.
  • Okrem úsilia sociálnych partnerov si účinný sociálny dialóg a dobre fungujúce pracovnoprávne vzťahy vyžadujú verejné prostriedky a podporu subjektov verejného sektora. Tvorcovia politík by mali preskúmať nové formy prenosu znalostí, poskytovania zdrojov a účasti sociálnych partnerov na úrovni EÚ a vnútroštátnej úrovni.
  • Ochrana a podpora spravodlivých, dobre fungujúcich a vyvážených pracovnoprávnych vzťahov je rozhodujúca pre zabezpečenie inkluzívneho a udržateľného rastu a sociálneho pokroku v EÚ. Následkom pandémie COVID-19 pôjde pre tvorcov politík aj o dôležitý spôsob, ako integrovať sociálny a ekonomický rozmer EÚ, ako sa uvádza v Európskom pilieri sociálnych práv.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects in the area of industrial relations and social dialogue in the EU. With a long-established expertise in this field, Eurofound explores the main developments affecting the actors, processes and key outcomes of industrial relations. It compares national systems of industrial relations, including national social dialogue and collective bargaining. Building on its EU PolicyWatch database created in 2020, Eurofound will monitor policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors to cushion the social and economic fallouts of the crisis, as well as to assist in the recovery efforts. Its regular reporting on pay setting, minimum wage and working time developments, as well as working life outcomes, will be ongoing.

Eurofound’s expertise supports the capacity-building of the social partners to achieve effective social dialogue, and the Agency promotes the development of the European social dialogue by looking at the representativeness of social partner organisations in different sectors to assess their eligibility to participate in social dialogue committees.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist the European institutions, national public authorities and social partners at various levels to address the challenges facing the EU and at national level in the areas of policy formation, social dialogue, collective bargaining and the regulation of employment relations.

The Agency’s work programme is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, Eurofound will support the policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights linked to social dialogue and the involvement of workers, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific findings will be available to inform the European policy debate on minimum wages and pay transparency, as well as on working time. In consultation with the European Commission, Eurofound will continue its focused work on European social dialogue through its series of representativeness studies in selected sectors.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues its national monitoring of trends and developments in industrial relations, social dialogue, collective bargaining and working life regulations and outcomes. 

To support European social dialogue, in 2024 the Agency plans to publish studies on the representativeness of social partner organisations in six sectors: construction, extractive industries, chemical sector, road transport including urban public transport, postal and courier services, and graphical industries. In addition, studies are ongoing on the following sectors: agriculture, temporary agency work, ports, maritime transport, tanning and leather, footwear, sugar, inland waterway transport, central government administration, railways and commerce. Eurofound continues its work on initiatives to support capacity building for effective social dialogue. In 2024, the Agency launches a new phase of Tripartite Exchange Seminars in collaboration with the European Training Foundation, Cedefop and the European Environment Agency.

Eurofound carries out its annual exercise of examining the involvement of national social partners in policymaking, in the context of the European Semester process and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which in 2024 includes findings on the role of tripartite discussions held in Economic and Social Councils in Member States having such bodies. The contribution made by sectoral social partners to the implementation of reforms and investments included in the Recovery and Resilience Plans is also analysed, looking at policy processes that link European and national policy agendas. 

Eurofound’s EU PolicyWatch database continues to capture relevant policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors, including those taken to mitigate the socioeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine, as well as those related to the twin transition.

Work on outcomes in collective bargaining agreements beyond the topic of pay concludes in 2024 and the results and dataset are planned for 2025. Research also concludes on how larger increases in statutory minimum wages affect collective bargaining and collectively agreed wages for low-paid groups. 

Eurofound collaborates with the European Institute for Gender Equality in 2024 to investigate further experiences with the implementation of gender pay transparency measures, with a focus also on those Member States that have recently introduced new legislation, and how the ‘work of equal value principle’ is defined and implemented.

The annual reviews on minimum wages and on working time in the EU continue in 2024. The working life country profiles are also being updated. The ongoing monitoring of industrial relations systems includes regular updates to the European Industrial Relations Dictionary.

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

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Výročný prehľad minimálnych miezd za rok 2023 bol vypracovaný v kontexte bezprecedentnej inflácie v celej Európe. Hoci to v mnohých krajinách viedlo k prudkému zvýšeniu nominálnych mzdových sadzieb, v mnohých...

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (531)

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

02 May 2024

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

05 December 2023

In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary.

27 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Online resources results (1768)

Finland: Major reform to healthcare and social services underway

The Finnish government is preparing a major reform to health, social services and regional government which will make regional governments a new level of public administration. Healthcare and social services and public employment services will be transferred from local governments to regional

Hungary: Debate on extension of working time reference period

In order to help combat Hungary’s labour shortage and to balance the working time of employees in companies where periods of productivity can often fluctuate, changes to the Labour Code by the Parliamentary Committee on Economics have been recently introduced, allowing employers to ‘bank’ working

EU level: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

The Framework of Actions on Youth Employment, the Rome Declaration, initiatives by social partners in the labour market, a White Paper on Europe’s future and a package of transport proposals are the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the latest developments in working

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

A proposal requiring rail employees and trade unions to register upcoming strikes; new sectoral collective agreements; and a simplification of the overtime system in the hospitality sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Slovenia: Social partners have mixed reactions to proposed healthcare reform

Trade unions and employers have called for tripartite negotiations on a new healthcare reform proposal published in January by Health Minister Milojka Kolar Celarc. The government plans to abolish voluntary complementary health insurance in favour of a compulsory healthcare levy. While welcoming

France: New assessment of the representativeness of the social partners

The results have been announced of the elections to determine the representativeness of unions, with the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT) ousting the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) from the top position for the first time. The Movement of French Enterprises (Medef) has been

France: Social partners agree changes to unemployment insurance scheme

A new agreement on the rules for unemployment benefit was reached by the social partners at cross-industry level on 14 April 2017. However, French President Emmanuel Macron intends that the State will take over management of unemployment insurance from the social partners, ending bipartite

Czech Republic: Attitudes to shorter working hours and flexible working

There is a growing debate in the Czech Republic over moves to shorten working hours and introduce flexible forms of work to improve people’s work–life balance. This has been sparked by research showing that even though employees, especially men, tend to work long hours, labour productivity and

Spain: Milestone agreement in retail sector

An agreement between social partners in the Spanish retail sector will govern working and employment conditions for the next three years. About 260,000 employees are expected to benefit from this agreement, which is likely to set the standards for other sector agreements due to be negotiated during

France: Occupational personal accounts take effect

Occupational personal accounts, one of the flagship measures of France’s labour market reforms, took effect on 1 January 2017. The aim is to enable people to acquire entitlements to training without fear of losing them if they change employer.


Blogs results (22)
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​Nowadays we all know that long or excessive working hours may have serious negative impacts on a person’s health and wellbeing. Eurofound‘s new report 'Working time developments in the 21st century' suggests that if working time standards are mainly left to legislation or to be set unilaterally by

4 marec 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 apríl 2015

Upcoming publications results (9)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

June 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (10)

Eurofound publishes gross and nominal statutory minimum wages applicable in EU countries that have a statutory minimum wage.

25 január 2024
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