Skočiť na hlavný obsah
shutterstock_senior_architect.jpg

Starnúca pracovná sila

Starnutie populácie v Európe prináša prináša pre tvorcov politík moho otázok v oblasti zamestnanosti, pracovných podmienok, životnej úrovne a zabezpečenia. Vyvolalo aj k obavy, pokiaľ ide o udržateľnosť dôchodkových systémov a ponuku práce. Propagovanie pracovných príležitostí pre starnúcu pracovnú silu si vyžaduje nový prístup na úrovni spoločností, jednotlivých štátov aj EÚ.

Topic

Recent updates

hu_eu-flags-sm.png

From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Aj napriek tomu, že miera zamestnanosti starších vekových skupín za posledné desaťročie v mnohých krajinách EÚ výrazne stúpla, Európska komisia v spoločnej správe o zamestnanosti z roku 2017 zdôrazňuje potenciál na jej ďalšie zvyšovanie. V roku 2016 miera zamestnanosti starších zamestnancov vo veku 55 – 64 rokov v EÚ dosahovala 55,3 %, pričom pre všetkých ľudí vo veku 15 – 64 rokov to bolo 66,6 %. Najväčší nárast sa zaznamenal medzi staršími ženami.

Európsky pilier sociálnych práv poskytuje rámec, ktorý má pracovným trhom pomôcť prispôsobiť sa novým požiadavkám, no pritom aj naďalej zachovávať spravodlivosť a solidaritu medzi generáciami. Zdôrazňuje právo na pracovné prostredie prispôsobené profesionálnym potrebám pracovníka, ktoré mu má umožniť predĺžiť si účasť na trhu práce. Okrem toho sa európski sociálni partneri v nedávnej autonómnej dohode týkajúcej sa aktívneho starnutia a medzigeneračného prístupu zaväzujú, že starším pracovníkom uľahčia aktívnu účasť a dlhšie zotrvanie na trhu práce.

Práca nadácie Eurofound

Nadácia Eurofound sa dlhodobo zameriava na problémy, ktorým čelí starnúca pracovná sila. Výskum od 90. rokov 20. storočia sa sústreďuje na účasť na trhu práce, výkon práce, pracovné podmienky a pracovné preferencie starších pracovníkov v kontexte politiky meniaceho sa demografického profilu Európy. Úsilie sa zameriava aj na verejnú podporu a iniciatívy na úrovni spoločnosti, ktorými sa podporuje zamestnanosť starších pracovníkov. Skúma sa aj skupina starších pracujúcich žien, v prípade ktorej sa zdôrazňuje stúpajúca miera zamestnanosti a nárast podielu v rámci pracovnej sily, a to najmä vo vekovej kategórii 55 – 64 rokov.

Údaje z prieskumu

Z hlavných prieskumov nadácie Eurofound vyplýva množstvo údajov o situácii starších pracovníkov. V šiestom Európskom prieskume pracovných podmienok (EWCS) sa skúma porovnanie starších pracovníkov vzhľadom na rôzne aspekty kvality práce. Hoci pravdepodobnosť, že zostanú nezamestnaní, je pri starších pracovníkoch menšia ako pri mladších, údaje ukazujú, že starší pracovníci majú pocit, že keby prišli o prácu, novú a podobne platenú by si už nenašli, a opätovný vstup na trh práce dokonca považujú za náročný.

V štúdii založenej na piatom Európskom prieskume pracovných podmienok (EWCS) nadácie Eurofound sa sledujú charakteristiky staršej pracovnej sily a práca v rôznom veku, ako aj na faktory, vďaka ktorým je práca pre starnúcu pracovnú silu udržateľnejšia: dobré pracovné podmienky, fyzická a duševná pohoda a rovnováha medzi pracovným a súkromným životom.

Z Európskeho prieskumu kvality života nadácie Eurofound (EQLS) vyplývajú vo vzťahu k rôznym aspektom kvality života v Európe zistenia súvisiace s vekom. Analýza pracovných preferencií po veku 50 rokov vychádza zo zistení tretieho prieskumu EQLS a vyplýva z nej, že mnoho starších pracovníkov preferuje kratší pracovný čas, pričom úlohu zohrávajú aj ich finančné potreby. Uľahčenie možnosti zosúladenia pracovného času s preferenciami môže umožniť ľuďom pracovať dlhšie a zároveň ich aj k tomu motivovať.

Dlhší pracovný život

Nedávno sa nadácia Eurofound spojila s tromi ďalšími agentúrami EÚ a spoločne skúmali prácu vhodnú pre starších ľudí v Európe, požiadavky na politiku týkajúce sa starnúcej pracovnej sily a inovatívne riešenia.

Mnohí pracovníci nie sú schopní alebo motivovaní pracovať až do zákonného veku odchodu do dôchodku. Nájdu sa však aj takí, ktorí sú schopní a ochotní pracovať aj dlhšie. Nadácia Eurofound skúmala tento narastajúci trend práce po odchode do dôchodku.

V nedávnom výskume sa sledovalo predĺženie pracovného života prostredníctvom pružných systémov odchodu do dôchodku a najmä systémy čiastočného odchodu do dôchodku, ktoré ho môžu uľahčiť. K predĺženiu pracovného života môžu prispieť aj hodnotenia uprostred kariéry. Vo výskume sa sledovalo aj to, ako je možné pomôcť objasniť možnosti pracovníkov na zotrvanie v práci až do neskoršieho dôchodkového veku. Bolo poukázané na rôzne nástroje, ktoré si krajiny vyvinuli, aby neprišli o starších pracovníkov.

V inom výskume sa zas dokumentujú vnútroštátne a sektorové iniciatívy vlád a sociálnych partnerov vrátane finančných stimulov a zlepšených podmienok, ktoré majú pomôcť udržať starších pracovníkov na trhu práce. V skoršom projekte sa analyzovali iniciatívy na riadenie otázok týkajúcich sa veku zavedené pred recesiou aj po nej, aby sa zdôraznili osvedčené postupy v spoločnostiach v Európe.

Zdroje

Key outputs

ef18041card_cover.png

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 máj 2019
Publication
Research report
ef1733en_card_cover.png

Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 január 2018
Publication
Research report
ef1747_card_cover.png

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 december 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

Achieving work environments that make work sustainable over a lifetime is a key facet of the promotion of longer working lives. This study - based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey - considers the dimensions of work that have proved essential to the understanding of work sustainability

09 December 2012

The proportion of people aged 65 and over will rise from 17% to 30% of the EU population by 2060, while at the same time the working age population will decline. The European Commission estimates that most of the increase in public spending in the EU over the next 50 years will be on pensions, long

28 November 2012

Of all the future challenges facing labour markets in Europe, none is more certain than the demographic imbalances resulting from the lower birth cohorts after the post-war ‘baby boom’ and the continual increase in life expectancy. Indeed, this has already led to a significant shift in the age

04 November 2012

The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions carried out major surveys on working conditions in Europe in 1990, 1995 and 2000. The findings of these surveys reveal a number of alarming trends regarding age and working conditions, in particular: a low level of access

26 August 2012

Using data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), this study measures job quality in the 27 countries of the European Union, as well as seven additional countries in Europe that participated in the survey. The intention was to find an objective means of assessing the principle

12 August 2012

This report summarises available data on recent employment trends for older workers in the EU27 as well as the results of organisation case studies and overviews on developments in workplace age management undertaken by Eurofound in 2011. The first section uses Eurostat data to provide a statistical

23 May 2012

V rámci výskumu nadácie Eurofound zameranom na tému 'Reštrukturalizácia počas recesie a účasť pracovných síl“ sa skúmali postupy v oblasti riadenia otázok týkajúcich sa veku so zreteľom na reštrukturalizáciu prebiehajúcu počas recesie. Štúdia sa zaoberala politikou vzťahujúcou sa na udržanie

22 March 2012

Vienna General Hospital sees the importance of the tackling the issue of ageing in terms of organisational strategy, organisational culture, personal development, organisation of work, and individual health of employees. The human resource department at Vienna General Hospital is responsible for the

23 January 2012

T-Mobile HR manager confirmed that age management is an emerging concept in the Czech Republic in general and in the company’s HR policy in particular. Czech firms have not developed age management measures in greater extent due to the excess of labour force supply over demand. In addition, early

22 January 2012

There are two approaches to age management at Abengoa. Firstly, Abengoa has HR practices and policies that promote the employability and mobility of all workers - although these policies apply to the whole workforce, regardless of age. These policies enable employees to remain in the job market and

22 January 2012

Online resources results (133)

Older workers show highest levels of company loyalty

In 2007, Factum Group [1] – a partnership of central and eastern European market research agencies – conducted international research into workers’ attitudes, loyalty to their employer and job satisfaction in seven countries, including Lithuania. In Lithuania, the study was carried out by the Market

Factors determining early exit from employment

A study on ‘Early exit from employment’ was conducted by the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [1]) in 2007. The main aim of the study was to assess the key factors influencing the early retirement choices of older workers. The report aimed to contribute

Labour market participation of older people

In the context of the EU EQUAL [1] initiative, the Empeiria Development Partnership, whose coordinating partner is the Economic and Social Council of Greece (Oικονομική και Κοινωνική Επιτροπή, ΟΚΕ [2]), has carried out studies and research (in Greek) [3] on the issue of ‘active ageing’. The key

Increase in generational wage gap since early 1990s

In September 2007, the Research Unit of the Central Bank of Italy (Banca d’Italia [1]) published a working paper entitled The generation gap: Relative earnings of young and old workers in Italy (862Kb PDF) [2]. The paper examines the developments of labour market entry wages, as well as the gap

Managing the transition from work to retirement

According to the analysis of the survey findings on the Transition from work into retirement (3.5Mb PDF, in Polish and English) [1] which was published by the Central Statistical Office (Główny Urząd Statystyczny, GUS [2]) in 2007, persons aged 55 to 64 years show a very low level of economic

Report signals employment challenges in the EU despite continuing economic growth

The European Commission has outlined key messages (148Kb PDF) [1] from its report Employment in Europe 2007 [2]. The report begins by providing a brief analysis of European labour markets (Chapter 1 (752Kb PDF) [3]), noting that in 2006 EU economic growth was better than anticipated. This had

Study reveals gap in labour market supply and demand

A study (in Latvian (1.1Mb WinZip file)) [1] on labour force supply and demand – one of 13 studies – was initiated by the Republic of Latvia’s Ministry of Welfare (Labklājības ministrija Latvijas Republikas [2]) in the framework of the National Labour Market Research Programme (in Latvian) [3]

‘Inclusive working life’ programme reduces sick leave in companies

The Norwegian national intervention programme ‘Inclusive Working Life’ (/Inkluderende arbeidsliv/, IWL) was initiated in 2001 with the objective of reducing sick leave, preventing early retirement and promoting employment of employees with ‘impaired functionality’, that is, reduced work ability

Motives behind early retirement and working beyond retirement

In the Czech Republic, the statutory retirement age has been increased progressively up to 62 years. However, current political debate considers that raising the retirement age to 65 years is an inevitable step. Taking into account these changes, it is interesting to see how many people today are

Older workers’ attitudes towards working after retirement

Commissioned by the National Social Security Institute (Национален Осигурителен Институт, NSSI [1]), the national representative survey on Factors for introducing flexible retirement forms and encouraging the employment of older people (in Bulgarian, 186Kb PPT) [2] is the first of its kind to


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 január 2024
image_1_blog_motivation_20032019.jpg

Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 marec 2019
image_blog_labour_market_integration_15112018.jpg

Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 november 2018
image1_keeping_careers_alive_as_work_transforms_blog_21062018.jpg

In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 jún 2018
image_blog_18012018.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 január 2018
working_longer.jpg

There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 september 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.