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Employment structure

The employment structure reflects the change in employment across occupations and sectors, using various proxies of job quality. The current debate about shifts in the employment structure is focused on the extent to which observed patterns of job polarisation and upgrading have contributed to wage inequality trends and on Europe's shrinking middle class.

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Recent updates

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Since 2002, the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) has been monitoring the employment impact of large-scale restructuring events in Europe and covers the 27 EU Member States plus Norway.

Web page

Eurofound research

Eurofound’s European Jobs Monitor (EJM) analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU, covering all Member States.

Key outputs

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The European Jobs Monitor (EJM) tracks structural change in European labour markets. It analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives...

Data Item

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
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​Martina Bisello is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. Her research interests include gender gaps in the labour market, occupational change and the impact of...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (95)

The 2013 annual report from the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) presents a retrospective of over a decade of measuring the impact of large-scale restructuring activity in Europe. Based on a database containing details of over 16,000 large-scale restructuring events– each generally involving at

03 December 2013

Prospects for growth in the EU are improving thanks to the combination of a smaller fiscal drag, stronger external demand and a gradual improvement in private sector lending conditions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that output will increase in the euro zone by 1.1% in 2014 after a

30 October 2013

Cilj ERM je spremljati dejavnosti prestrukturiranja v državah članicah EU in na Norveškem. Vpliv prestrukturiranja na zaposlovanje se meri na podlagi objav v dnevnem in poslovnem tisku v vseh državah članicah od leta 2002.

22 October 2013

As in the first quarter of the year, the European economic outlook remains uncertain, the current recession being forecast to give way to modest growth in 2014. In June, the ECB revised its forecasts for growth in 2013 down to -0.6%, raising those for 2014 to +1.1%. This second issue for 2013

23 July 2013

Restructuring is part and parcel of the economic fabric in Europe, as companies must adapt to altered conditions in a bid to remain sustainable and competitive. Most of the policy focus so far, however, has been on restructuring in terms of the large firm. In light of the relative importance of the

17 July 2013

Across Europe, restructuring in SMEs receives less public attention than large-scale restructuring. However, the recent economic crisis has sharpened policy focus in this area. The current discussion centres around the anticipation of change and individual forms of restructuring – particularly

14 May 2013

The global economy has begun to strengthen over the last quarter but the euro crisis and and associated fiscal policy responses continue to serve as a drag on European growth. This first issue for 2013 includes: Macroeconomic trends and prospects; Job creation and job losses at a glance (1/1/13 - 31

18 April 2013

Ireland’s economy is relatively small and trade-dependent and is considered one of the most globalised and open in the world. It suffered disproportionate damage following the 2008–2009 global recession as a large construction and financial sector bust revealed widespread misallocation of resources

26 March 2013

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at the state of play of the European labour market and what governments, social partners and companies are doing to overcome the crisis. Over the last few years, many jobs have been lost, and mass unemployment has become the reality in some Member States

19 March 2013

While the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis appears to have entered a less acute phase, the economic outlook for the coming months remains poor, with weak growth predicted and unemployment continuing to increase. The fourth issue for 2012 includes: macroeconomic trends and prospects; job creation and

21 January 2013

Online resources results (2)

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first

Blogs results (12)
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In the digital age, there are fewer routine jobs because of a higher risk of automation. But a great paradox of this age is this: workers in most types of jobs, including high-skilled ones, are reporting higher levels of routine at work. This emerges from a new study of the task content of

28 September 2016
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Most discussions on the future of work are dominated by the impact of key changes in society, such as the digital revolution and demographic changes. These changes raise various issues of concern, sometimes suggesting contradictory trends such as labour shortages linked to an ageing population, or

25 Julij 2016

Upcoming publications results (1)

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

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