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Leave

For workers, leave arrangements have a direct impact on quality of life, work-life balance and the overall sustainability of working life. The main leave entitlements of importance to workers are annual leave, maternity leave, parental leave, paternity leave and sick leave, so that the worker can recover from being ill. The European Pillar of Social Rights encourages gender-balanced use of family-related leave and flexible working arrangements. Women and men shall have equal access to special leaves of absence in order to fulfil their caring responsibilities towards both children and ageing parents.

Mother and daughter rowing a boat

Novo in prihajajoče

Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.

Članek

16 September 2024

Work–life balance: Policy developments
Barbara De Micheli,
Alessandro Smilari
In recent years, work–life balance has become a central theme in labour policies across Europe. While EU Member States have adopted different approaches, the common aim is to promote a more inclusive working environment. A major driving force behind these policies was the Work–Life Balance Directive. Implemented in August 2022, the directive’s key provisions include a minimum of four months of parental leave per parent, ten days of paid paternity leave, five days of carer’s leave and provisions for flexible working arrangements. By 2023, many Member States had implemented the directive by introducing new policies or updating existing ones. While these policies show a commitment to improving workers' well-being and gender equality, they also face criticisms for their narrow focus on childcare and uneven promotion of fathers' roles. They often emphasise only certain aspects of personal life related to care duties. Policies that address diverse care needs and support holistic work–life balance are needed for a continually evolving workforce.
Poročilo o raziskavi

24 October 2023

Working time in 2021–2022
Maria Cantero Guerrero,
Jorge Cabrita

The most important changes in the regulation of working time in Europe in 2021 and 2022 were related to the transposition of two European directives: the Work–life Balance Directive and the Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive. The reduction of working time and more specifically the four-day working week have been increasingly debated in many EU Member States. In 2022, the average collectively agreed working week in the EU stood at 38.1 hours. Of the sectors analysed, agreed working hours were shortest in public administration, at around 37.7 hours – still longer than the overall average – and longest in the retail sector, at 38.5 hours. The average collectively agreed paid annual leave entitlement stood at 24.3 days in the EU, and was higher in the Member States that were part of the EU prior to its 2004 enlargement (EU14), at 25.3 days, than in the other Member States, at only 20.9 days. If working collectively agreed hours, full-time workers in the EU27 would have worked, on average, 1,726 hours in 2022, with an average of 1,698 hours in the EU14 and 1,822 hours in the other Member States.

Poročilo o raziskavi

14 October 2021

Working time in 2019–2020
Jorge Cabrita,
Tina Weber

The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes, on approaches to teleworking for those able to work from home and on regulations to ensure the safe provision of essential services. In 2020, the average collectively agreed working week in the EU stood at 37.8 hours. Across the sectors analysed in the report, the collectively agreed normal working week was shortest in public administration (38 hours) and longest in transport (39.2 hours). Paid annual leave entitlement (taking into account those set through collective bargaining) stood at an average of 24.5 days across the EU. Key topics for discussion in all Member States during the COVID-19 pandemic included dealing with the impact of changes in working hours on different groups of workers and the role of working time in supporting economic recovery and job creation.

Strokovnjaki o Leave

Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.

Jorge Cabrita

Senior research manager
Working life research

Jorge Cabrita je višji vodja raziskav v enoti za delovno življenje. Odgovoren je za oblikovanje, usklajevanje in vodenje raziskav po vsej Evropi ter spodbujanje širjenja ugotovitev na področju delovnih pogojev in industrijskih odnosov. Njegova glavna raziskovalna področja vključujejo delovne pogoje in kakovost zaposlitve, delovni čas in ravnovesje med delom in zasebnim življenjem, zdravje in dobrobit delavcev, enakost spolov ter družbeno-ekonomske vplive prehoda v podnebno nevtralno gospodarstvo. Trenutno vodi raziskave o razvoju delovnega časa ter o socialnem dialogu in kolektivnem pogajanju med pandemijo COVID-19. Prej je delal kot raziskovalec na Centru za študije socialne intervencije in v Raziskovalnem centru za portugalsko gospodarstvo na Ekonomski šoli v Lizboni ter kot trener in svetovalec na področjih strateškega upravljanja, organizacijske komunikacije, vodenja in gradnje ekip. Diplomiral je iz ekonomije in magistriral iz socio-organizacijskih sistemov gospodarske dejavnosti na Lizbonski šoli za ekonomijo.

Vse vsebine za Leave

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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
The tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies