Unemployment
Long-term unemployment, youth unemployment, and the increase in underemployed or involuntary part-time workers remains a concern in many Member States. Unemployment, and especially long-term unemployment, increases a person's risk of social exclusion, poverty and inequality, and adds to the cost of social services and public finances. According to the European Pillar of Social Rights, unemployed people have the right to personalised, continuous and consistent support, including adequate unemployment benefits of reasonable duration.
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8 October 2024
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
2 February 2024
This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to cushion the impact of job loss on household finances and act as an economic stabiliser. The paper examines trends in expenditure on unemployment benefits, identifies gaps in formal coverage, discusses groups for whom benefits are inadequate, and looks at non-take-up, rejection decisions, digitalisation of application procedures, and links between unemployment benefits and service entitlements.
27 March 2023
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
Eksperter om Unemployment
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Tadas Leončikas
Head of UnitTadas Leončikas har været chef for beskæftigelsesenheden hos Eurofound siden september 2022. Før dette var han seniorforskningsleder i enheden for socialpolitik, hvor han forvaltede den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet (EQLS) og udviklede Eurofounds undersøgelsesforskning. Siden han kom til Eurofound i 2010, har han arbejdet med forskellige emner, herunder undersøgelsesmetoder, livskvalitet, social mobilitet, social inklusion, tillid og boligmangler. I sin tidligere karriere stod han i spidsen for Institut for Etniske Studier i Litauen, hvor han arbejdede med undersøgelser vedrørende situationen for etniske minoriteter, migranter og andre sårbare grupper. Som forsker har han tidligere samarbejdet med Den Europæiske Unions Agentur for Grundlæggende Rettigheder, FN's Udviklingsprogram og Den Internationale Organisation for Migration. Han har en ph.d. i sociologi.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini har været chef for Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik siden oktober 2019. Han kom til Eurofound i 2009 som forskningsleder, hvor han designede og koordinerede projekter om ungdomsbeskæftigelse, NEET'er og deres sociale inklusion samt om kvinders deltagelse på arbejdsmarkedet. I 2017 blev han seniorforskningsleder i enheden for socialpolitik, hvor han stod i spidsen for ny forskning i overvågning af konvergens i EU. Ud over arbejdet med den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet leder han også udarbejdelsen og analysen af covid-19-e-undersøgelserne. Tidligere var han videnskabelig medarbejder ved Europa-Kommissionens Fælles Forskningscenter. Han studerede ved universitetet i Firenze, hvor han tog hovedfag i aktuarvidenskab og statistik og opnåede en ph.d. Han har været gæsteforsker ved University of Sydney og Aalborg Universitet og gæsteprofessor ved Det Pavelige Akademi for Samfundsvidenskab.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Hans forskningsemner omfatter boliger, overdreven gældsætning, sundhedspleje, langtidspleje, sociale ydelser, pension og livskvalitet i lokalområdet. Før han kom til Eurofound, var han adjunkt ved Kozminski Universitet (Warszawa). Han afsluttede en ph.d. i Business Administration and Management ved Bocconi University (Milano) efter at have arbejdet som forskningsmedarbejder ved European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (Madrid).
John Hurley
Senior research managerJohn Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He contributes to a number of research projects including the European Jobs Monitor and has authored or co-authored over 20 reports as well as journal contributions and edited collections during his time at Eurofound. His main research interests are in the areas of comparative labour market analysis, restructuring and the changing world of work. John is a graduate of both Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin.
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