Since its launch in 2020, Eurofound's unique Living and Working in the EU e-survey has provided an overview of the ever-changing developments in living and working since the onset of the pandemic, through the recovery measures and during a time of constant change.
Living and Working in the EU e-survey 2025
In its eighth edition of the large-scale Living and Working in the EU online survey, Eurofound continues on from previous rounds to look at subjective and mental well-being, health and access to healthcare, work–life balance and telework, quality of society and trust, housing and financial situation, as well as sociodemographic background and household situation. In addition, this round puts a particular focus on climate and environment, and includes questions about people's experiences of climate impacts, concerns about future risks and preparedness measures undertaken or observed in their local communities.
Since 2020, Eurofound has conducted the e-survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's living and working conditions across the European Union. From 2022 onwards, the thematic scope of the e-survey has broadened to measure the long-term consequences of the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the rising cost of living.
Round 8: In collaboration with the European Environment Agency(opens in new tab)This link opens in a new tab, this e-survey round includes a special module on the green transition: behaviours, support for policies and experiences of climate change events.
Launched from 1 April to 4 June 2025
27,200 respondents aged 16+ in the EU27 Member States
E-survey among panellists and advertised on social media
Questionnaire comprised 160 questions, available in 25 languages
Economic strain has increased across all age groups in the past five years, with the highest levels found among middle-aged respondents. Income inequality is exacerbating financial hardship: in 2025, 61% of respondents in low-income households struggled to make ends meet, compared with 9% of those in high-income households.
Housing insecurity is increasing, driven by cost-of-living pressures, and is disproportionately affecting renters in the private rental sector.
Optimism about the future has declined across all age groups and has not recovered since a significant drop in 2022, likely owing to the ongoing geopolitical and economic uncertainty.
Mental well-being remains low: WHO-5 scores have declined since 2020 and more than half of respondents (57%) in 2025 are at risk of depression, indicating potential persistent stress at a societal level.
Preferences for regular telework have increased, with around half of men and women wishing to work from home several times a week. Respondents who would like to telework but cannot report the highest levels of fatigue and work–family conflict.
Respondents aged 35–49 and 50–64 show the lowest trust in institutions and indicate the highest levels of financial difficulty, suggesting a potential link between economic stress and weakening confidence in institutions. Trust in institutions is consistently lower among low-income respondents.
Concern about the environment rises with the number of impacts experienced. The oldest and youngest respondents are both concerned about environmental issues, challenging views that only young people worry about climate change.
19 January 2026
2 October 2025
This section provides further information targeted in particular at researchers.
Methodology
The e-survey methodology is similar for all rounds of the survey.
Eurofound experts
You can contact the following experts for questions on the survey.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse vanemuuringute juht. Tal on teadmised uuringumetoodika ja statistilise analüüsi alal, ta on töötanud Euroopa elukvaliteedi uuringu ja viimati e-uuringu "Elamine, töötamine ja COVID-19" ettevalmistamisel ja haldamisel ning vastutab andmekogumite kvaliteedi eest. Tema uurimisvaldkonnad on noorte heaolu ja elukvaliteet leibkondades ja peredes, sealhulgas subjektiivne heaolu, töö- ja eraelu tasakaal ning elutingimused. Ta on varem töötanud Šotimaal majanduskonsultandina, keskendudes majandusliku mõju hindamisele, hindamisele ning sisend-väljundi analüüsile. Tal on magistrikraad majanduses ja rahvusvahelistes suhetes Budapesti Corvinuse Ülikoolist.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse vanemuuringute juht. Alates Eurofoundiga liitumisest 2013. aastal on tema töö hõlmanud paljusid sotsiaalpoliitika valdkondi. Praegu koordineerib ta Eurofoundi uuringute haldamise ja arendamise tegevust ning juhib COVID-19 e-uuringute ettevalmistamist ja analüüsi. Daphnel on rohkem kui 20-aastane kogemus rahvusvaheliste uuringute alal töötava teadlasena, olles varem töötanud Euroopa Komisjoni Eurobaromeetri üksuses ja Londoni Riiklikus Sotsiaaluuringute Keskuses, kus ta töötas rahvusvahelise sotsiaaluuringu programmis. Daphne on omandanud magistrikraadi kriminaalõiguspoliitikas Londoni Majanduskoolist ja bakalaureusekraadi politoloogias San Francisco osariigi ülikoolist.
