Structure de l’emploi
La structure de l’emploi reflète l’évolution de l’emploi dans les professions et les secteurs, à l’aide de divers indicateurs de la qualité de l’emploi. Le débat actuel sur les changements dans la structure de l’emploi se concentre sur la mesure dans laquelle les modèles observés de polarisation et de revalorisation de l’emploi ont contribué aux tendances des inégalités salariales et à la diminution de la classe moyenne européenne.
Trouvez le contenu le plus récent sur ce thème ci-dessous.
Changements structurels sur les marchés du travail de l’UE : une génération de transferts d’emplois
Ce rapport résume l’évolution structurelle des marchés du travail de l’UE de 1995 à 2024. En particulier, il décrit l’évolution de l’emploi professionnel et sectoriel au niveau des États membres et de l’ensemble de l’UE, principalement la professionnalisation et le reclassement professionnel de l’emploi, d’une part, et le transfert de l’emploi vers les services qui se produit sur tous les marchés du travail des États membres, d’autre part.Tâches professionnelles dans l’UE : implications pour les pénuries de compétences et de main-d’œuvre
Cet article fournit de nouvelles données sur les types de tâches effectuées au travail dans l’Union européenne (UE). Il met en évidence les changements intervenus récemment dans la composition structurelle de l’emploi dans l’UE-27.Regional employment change and the geography of telework in Europe
The fast and steady recovery in employment following the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU benefited from proactive policy responses to the crisis and from resilient labour markets. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022; however, significant regional disparities remain. EU regions fared differently, depending on their economic specialisation and notably on the concentration of jobs in knowledge-intensive services that can be performed remotely. The geography of telework across EU regions was primarily shaped by differences in occupational structure, and fast internet connectivity remains an essential enabling factor. Recent initiatives to support remote work in rural, peripheral or marginalised areas through the creation of coworking spaces show how dynamism and diversity in rural economies can be promoted.
Voici une sélection des publications les plus importantes pour ce thème.
14 December 2021
European Jobs Monitor 2021: Gender gaps and the employment structure
One of the most striking developments of the last half-century has been the huge rise in the labour market participation of women. Two out of every three net new jobs created over the last two decades in the EU were taken by women. At the same time, sharply rising employment rates among older workers due to population ageing and policy changes have increased the share of older workers in the labour market. This report examines the impacts of the changing contours of labour supply on the employment structure over the last quarter-century in Europe (1995–2019). The primary focus is on gender, with a secondary focus on ageing. Among the main findings are that employment shares in gender-balanced jobs have declined despite the rising female share of employment and that gender pay gaps are highest in well-paid jobs.
10 July 2026
Surveillance européenne de l’emploi (EJM)
7 October 2019
European Jobs Monitor 2019: Shifts in the employment structure at regional level
Accumulating evidence indicates that large metropolitan centres are faring much better than other regions within the Member States of the EU. Such interregional inequality contributes to disenchantment with existing political systems, which in turn can weaken the social bonds that ground democratic systems. This is the context for the 2019 edition of the European Jobs Monitor, which analyses shifts in the employment structure – meaning change in the distribution of employment across occupations and sectors – of the EU regions. The analysis covers 130 regions of 9 Member States, which together account for nearly 4 out of 5 EU workers. The study finds that, while Member States are becoming more similar in their employment structures, regions within the same country are becoming more disparate. It also finds that cities have a disproportionately high share of well-paid, high-skilled services employment alongside growth in low-paid employment. The findings support continued EU regional policy assistance of regions in danger of being left behind.
Les chercheurs d'Eurofound fournissent des informations spécialisées et peuvent être contactés pour des questions ou des demandes des médias.
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
Senior research managerCarlos Vacas Soriano est responsable principal de la recherche à l’unité Emploi d’Eurofound. Il travaille sur des sujets liés aux inégalités de salaires et de revenus, au salaire minimum, aux bas salaires, à la qualité de l’emploi, à l’emploi temporaire et à la segmentation, ainsi qu’à la qualité de l’emploi. Avant de rejoindre Eurofound en 2010, il a travaillé comme analyste macroéconomique pour la Commission européenne et comme chercheur sur les marchés du travail européens à la Banque centrale espagnole. Il est titulaire d’un master en études économiques européennes du Collège d’Europe de Bruges et d’un doctorat en économie du travail de l’Université de Salamanque (Docteur Europaeus).
John Hurley
Senior research managerJohn Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He contributes to a number of research projects including the European Jobs Monitor and has authored or co-authored over 20 reports as well as journal contributions and edited collections during his time at Eurofound. His main research interests are in the areas of comparative labour market analysis, restructuring and the changing world of work. John is a graduate of both Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin.
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