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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Eanáir 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. While nominal wages picked up in 2021 and 2022, real wage growth has remained below inflation, affecting mainly low-income groups.

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situati

01 September 2022

This report analyses recent developments and emerging practices in collective bargaining processes and outcomes, mainly in the private sector. The report covers collective bargaining systems in 10 EU Member States and is based on cases identified through interviews with key stakeholders and

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Social partners sign deal on better working conditions in hairdressing industry

In most EU Member States, the minimum wage has been an important point of policy and, at times, a heated issue in recent years. In Germany, for example, while the United Services Union (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, ver.di [1]) has launched a campaign to introduce a law setting a minimum

First health at work agreement signed in civil service

Based on action already taken in the private sector, the government commenced bargaining on working conditions in the civil service in July 2008. Market and managerial constraints had already been transposed from the private sector to the civil service; however, extra resources had not been

Government and teachers’ unions reach agreement on careers and performance system

During the four-year term of the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista, PS [1]) government, which had the absolute majority in parliament from March 2005 to October 2009, several conflicts arose among teachers’ trade unions, which opposed the government reforms promoted by the then Minister of

New national agreement attracts widespread criticism

After three months of negotiations, on 28 October 2009, Lithuania’s Prime Minister, Andrius Kubilius, and some of the peak social partner organisations signed a new national agreement. The accord confirms the commitment of its signatories to reduce social benefits, increase social insurance

Social partners renew collective agreement in chemicals sector

On 18 December 2009, the social partners in the chemicals and pharmaceutical sector signed an accord on renewal of the sector’s collective agreement. The agreement was signed by the sectoral trade union organisations affiliated to the General Confederation of Italian Workers (Confederazione Generale

Minimum wage introduced in green sector

According to the Act of 4 June 1993 No. 58 relating to general application of wage agreements [1], namely the General Application Act (/Allmenngjøringsloven/), the so-called Tariff Board (Tariffnemnda [2]) is vested with the authority to make decisions about making collective agreements generally

Strikes end at Piraeus Port Authority following concession agreement

Piraeus Port – situated to the southwest of Athens – is the country’s largest port and one of the biggest in the Mediterranean area, with its history dating back to 1924. The port drives the growth of international trade, as well as the local and national economy. Piraeus Port is engaged in multiple

Volán bus unions conclude agreement with government

At the end of the summer of 2009, the government announced that it would undertake the restructuring of the Hungarian public transport system with immediate effect. According to the plans (*HU1001029I* [1]), railway lines that are less frequently used would be closed and substituted by bus services

Trade unions split over metalworking sector agreement

The draft agreement [1] on renewing the industry-wide agreement for the metalworking sector, signed on 15 October 2009, marks an important development in Italian industrial relations. The settlement covers around 1.6 million workers and has traditionally represented the most important private sector

Incomes and social benefits of energy workers safeguarded

On 6 October 2009, after less than a month of negotiations, the social partners in Bulgaria’s energy sector signed a new sectoral collective agreement for a two-year term. The swift adoption of the branch agreement is due to consensus being reached between employers and trade unions because of the


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Meitheamh 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Nollaig 2020

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