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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Eanáir 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. While nominal wages picked up in 2021 and 2022, real wage growth has remained below inflation, affecting mainly low-income groups.

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situati

01 September 2022

This report analyses recent developments and emerging practices in collective bargaining processes and outcomes, mainly in the private sector. The report covers collective bargaining systems in 10 EU Member States and is based on cases identified through interviews with key stakeholders and

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Social partners welcome new agreement for 80,000 civil servants

In the context of, on the one hand, budgetary constraints and, on the other, the desire to maintain civil servants’ purchasing power, the Belgian Minister of Civil Service, Steven Van Ackere, has reached a new two-year collective agreement 2009–2010 (in Dutch, 83Kb PDF) [1] with the public sector

Social partners review temporary layoff agreements

The Union of Metalworkers (IF Metall [1]) estimates that the agreement on temporary layoffs has saved 1,200 jobs, based on a survey conducted among the 60,000 members who work in companies which have signed the agreement. According to the agreement – which is a new feature in Swedish industrial

Compulsory arbitration ends bargaining impasse in print and graphics industry

The collective bargaining process for the revision of the agreement in the graphics and printing industry, which started in April 2007, reached an impasse between the two parties concerned – namely, the Trade Union of Workers of the Pulp, Paper, Graphics and Press Industries (Sindicato dos

Agreement renewed in information technology sector

The preliminary accord on continuing the nationwide collective agreement for the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector is the second renewal of an important nationwide agreement by all bargaining parties after the agreement of 22 January 2009 on the reform of the Italian

Tripartite agreement signed on working conditions and health and safety

In February 2001, the Portuguese government and social partners signed an agreement aimed at improving working conditions and health and safety at the workplace and combating accidents at work. The accord provides for measures aimed at preventing and combating workplace accidents, and improving

Breakthrough in industry sector on brink of conflict

On the brink of a conflict and after 41 hours of non-stop negotiations, the Confederation of Danish Industries (Dansk Industri, DI) and the Central Organisation of Industrial Employees in Denmark (Centralorganisationen af Industriansatte i Danmark, CO-industri) reached a compromise over a collective

Distribution option for pay rises proves popular

On 20 October 1997 wage and salary collective agreements for industrial enterprises in the metalworking sector were concluded, which became effective from 1 November 1997 (AT9710138N [1]). They were negotiated by the Industry Federal Section of the Austrian Chamber of the Economy (Wirtschaftskammer

ETUC calls for social clauses in trade agreements

There has, in recent years, been an increasing focus on corporate conduct in terms of social, ethical and environmental performance. The experience of large multinational corporations such as Nike and Shell, which have been faced with protest campaigns against their social and environmental policies

New proposals for a reform of collective bargaining in metalworking

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the German system of branch-level collective agreements (branchenbezogene Flächentarifverträge) has been in an continuing process of change in the direction of a differentiation between companies of collectively agreed norms and standards, and a decentralisation of

The use of "hardship clauses" in the east German metalworking industry

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the German system of centralised sectoral collective bargaining (Flächentarifvertrag), which guarantees all employees in a certain sector more or less the same basic income and working conditions, has been under increasing pressure. With growing internationalisation


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Meitheamh 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Nollaig 2020

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