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Starenje radne snage

Starenje europskog stanovništva nameće tvorcima politika mnoge izazove u pogledu zapošljavanja, radnih uvjeta, životnog standarda i dobrobiti, a dovelo je i do zabrinutosti u pogledu održivosti mirovinskih sustava i opskrbe radnom snagom. Za promicanje mogućnosti zapošljavanja za radnu snagu koja stari potrebno je novo razmišljanje na razini poduzeća te na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini.

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From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Unatoč znatnom rastu stope zaposlenosti starijih radnika tijekom proteklog desetljeća u mnogim zemljama EU-a, Zajedničko izvješće o zapošljavanju Europske komisije za 2017. ističe potencijal dodatnog povećanja tih stopa. Stopa zaposlenosti starijih radnika u dobi od 55 do 64 godine 2016. u EU-u je iznosila 55,3 %, u usporedbi sa stopom od 66,6 % zaposlenih osoba u dobi od 15 do 64 godine u cjelini. Porast je bio najveći među starijim ženama.

Europski stup socijalnih prava pruža okvir za pomaganje tržištima rada u prilagodbi novim izazovima uz istodobno promicanje pravednosti i solidarnosti među generacijama. Naglašava pravo na radno okruženje prilagođeno profesionalnim potrebama radnika kako bi im se omogućilo produljenje sudjelovanja na tržištu rada. Osim toga, nedavni autonomni sporazum europskih socijalnih partnera o aktivnom starenju i međugeneracijskom pristupu obvezuje se na olakšavanje aktivnog sudjelovanja starijim radnicima i time omogućavanje dužeg ostanka na tržištu rada.

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound je već dugo stručni autoritet u pogledu problema s kojima se suočava starija radna snaga. Istraživanja su od 1990.-ih bila usmjerena na sudjelovanje na tržištu rada, učinkovitost na radnom mjestu, radne uvjete i preferencije u pogledu rada starijih radnika u kontekstu politike promjenjivog demografskog profila Europe. Eurofound se usredotočio na potporu javnosti i na inicijative na razini poduzeća za poticanje zapošljavanja starijih radnika. Promatrao je starije radnice, ističući sve veće stope zaposlenosti ove skupine i njihov rastući udio u radnoj snazi, posebno u dobnoj skupini od 55 do 64 godine.

Rezultati istraživanja

Eurofoundova opsežna istraživanja pružaju niz podataka o situacijama starijih radnika. Šesto Europsko istraživanje o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) uspoređuje starije radnike u različitim dimenzijama kvalitete posla. Iako je manje vjerojatno da će stariji radnici ostati bez posla u odnosu na mlađe radnike, podaci pokazuju da stariji radnici smatraju da ako postanu nezaposleni, neće dobiti slično plaćen novi posao te da će imati poteškoće u ponovnom ulasku na tržište rada.

Istraživanje utemeljeno na Eurofoundovu petom Europskom istraživanju o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) razmatra obilježja starije radne snage i rada u različitim životnim razdobljima, kao i čimbenike koji čine posao održivim za radnu snagu koja stari: dobre radne uvjete, fizičku i psihičku dobrobit i ravnotežu između poslovnog i privatnog života.

Eurofoundovo Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života (EQLS) pruža rezultate o različitim dimenzijama kvalitete života u Europi prema dobi. Analiza preferencija u pogledu rada nakon 50. godine života oslanja se na treće Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života i pokazuje da mnogi stariji radnici radije rade manji broj sati čak i nakon što se uzmu u obzir njihove financijske potrebe. Olakšavanje boljeg usklađivanja radnog vremena s preferencijama radnika može omogućiti ljudima da rade dulje i motivirati ih.

Produljenje radnog vijeka

Eurofound se nedavno pridružio još trima agencijama Europske unije radi proučavanja radnih mjesta u Europi prilagođenih starijim dobnim skupinama, izazova politika povezanih sa starenjem radne snage i inovativnih rješenja.

Mnogi radnici nisu u mogućnosti raditi ili nisu motivirani da rade do zakonske dobi za umirovljenje. Međutim, postoji i skupina koja je sposobna i voljna raditi i nakon nje. Eurofound istražuje sve češću pojavu rada nakon umirovljenja.

Nedavna istraživanja usredotočila su se na produljenje radnog vijeka putem fleksibilnih sustava umirovljenja, posebno sustava djelomičnog umirovljenja koji to mogu olakšati. Pregledi karijere na polovini radnog vijeka isto tako mogu pridonijeti produljenju radnog vijeka. U istraživanjima se analiziralo na koji način takvi pregledi mogu pomoći radnicima u razmatranju mogućnosti za ostajanje na radnom mjestu do što kasnije dobi za umirovljenje. Ističu se različiti instrumenti koje su poduzeća razvila kako bi zadržala starije radnike.

U ostalim istraživanjima dokumentirane su nacionalne i sektorske inicijative vlada i socijalnih partnera za zadržavanje starijih radnika na tržištu rada, uključujući financijske poticaje i poboljšane uvjete. U ranijem projektu analizirane su inicijative za upravljanje pitanjem starenja uvedene prije i nakon recesije kako bi se istaknule dobre prakse u poduzećima u Europi.

Izvori

Key outputs

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Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci...

28 siječnja 2022
Publication
Research report
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This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 svibnja 2019
Publication
Research report
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Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 siječnja 2018
Publication
Research report
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Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 prosinca 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

Achieving work environments that make work sustainable over a lifetime is a key facet of the promotion of longer working lives. This study - based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey - considers the dimensions of work that have proved essential to the understanding of work sustainability

09 December 2012

The proportion of people aged 65 and over will rise from 17% to 30% of the EU population by 2060, while at the same time the working age population will decline. The European Commission estimates that most of the increase in public spending in the EU over the next 50 years will be on pensions, long

28 November 2012

Of all the future challenges facing labour markets in Europe, none is more certain than the demographic imbalances resulting from the lower birth cohorts after the post-war ‘baby boom’ and the continual increase in life expectancy. Indeed, this has already led to a significant shift in the age

04 November 2012

The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions carried out major surveys on working conditions in Europe in 1990, 1995 and 2000. The findings of these surveys reveal a number of alarming trends regarding age and working conditions, in particular: a low level of access

26 August 2012

Using data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), this study measures job quality in the 27 countries of the European Union, as well as seven additional countries in Europe that participated in the survey. The intention was to find an objective means of assessing the principle

12 August 2012

This report summarises available data on recent employment trends for older workers in the EU27 as well as the results of organisation case studies and overviews on developments in workplace age management undertaken by Eurofound in 2011. The first section uses Eurostat data to provide a statistical

23 May 2012

Eurofound’s research on ‘Restructuring in recession and labour force participation’ explored the age management practices of companies in light of restructuring undergone during the recession. The study looked at policy in relation to the retention of older workers (aged 50 or more) in employment at

22 March 2012

Vienna General Hospital sees the importance of the tackling the issue of ageing in terms of organisational strategy, organisational culture, personal development, organisation of work, and individual health of employees. The human resource department at Vienna General Hospital is responsible for the

23 January 2012

T-Mobile HR manager confirmed that age management is an emerging concept in the Czech Republic in general and in the company’s HR policy in particular. Czech firms have not developed age management measures in greater extent due to the excess of labour force supply over demand. In addition, early

22 January 2012

There are two approaches to age management at Abengoa. Firstly, Abengoa has HR practices and policies that promote the employability and mobility of all workers - although these policies apply to the whole workforce, regardless of age. These policies enable employees to remain in the job market and

22 January 2012

Online resources results (133)

Stereotypes associated with employment of older workers

The population of the Czech Republic, like most developed European countries, is ageing. This ongoing process of ageing is influenced by other demographic changes, such as the sharp fall in fertility in the Czech Republic and increasing life expectancy. Table 1 demonstrates the increasing percentage

Employment of older workers and lifelong learning

The European Commission adopted its Employment Guidelines (136Kb; pdf) [1] in 2003. The fifth of its 10 specific guidelines seeks to increase labour supply and promote active ageing. According to the guidelines, employment of the 55-64 age group must be increased from 40% to 50% by 2010; in Hungary

Health and employability of older workers

The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in the Netherlands asked TNO [1] to map myths and facts about older employees, their physical and mental health and associated disabilities. The report also outlines various interventions in the Netherlands to combat false stereotypes and to improve the

Health and work satisfaction among older workers

A 2004 study, Older workers in the labour market and in working life (500Kb pdf; in Estonian) [1], evaluates the work ability and employability of older workers (over 45 years old) in the Estonian labour market. Work ability is defined by Juhani Ilmarinen (1999) as a set of personal resources

Company practices regarding older workers

The survey was compiled as part of a study, Older workers: Public policies and company practices (2.72Mb PDF; in Portuguese) [1] (Trabalhadores mais velhos: políticas públicas e práticas empresariais), and published in 2003 by the Ministry for Social Security and Labour [2] (Ministério da Segurança

Moins de pénibilités et de stress chez les travailleurs plus âgés

La DARES, Direction de l’Animation de la Recherche, des Études et des Statistiques du Ministère français du travail, a publié des résultats d’enquête qui indiquent que le travail des salariés est toujours aussi pénible physiquement. Les rythmes de travail se sont intensifiés, ainsi que la charge

Less physical risks and stress among older people

DARES, the French Ministry of Labour’s research and statistics unit, has published survey results which indicate that the work of employees continues to be physically demanding. Pace of work has increased, along with levels of mental stress. These findings are based on employee responses to surveys

Âge et travail en Europe

/L'Union européenne va devoir faire face, à moyen terme, à une pénurie de main-d'œuvre, compte tenu de la baisse des taux de natalité. Dans le même temps, la pression exercée sur les systèmes de sécurité sociale ira grandissante, suite à l'allongement de l'espérance de vie. Avec pour objectif d

Call for EU-wide strategies aimed at older workers

In the light of the ageing and future shrinking of the working age population, there is a need to increase the participation and employment rates of older workers. This has been the subject of considerable attention in a number of recent EU policy documents, such as a specific Commission staff

Older workers more motivated in their work

Many older people leave work before they reach the age of 60, in some cases even at 55 years. The Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) recently published statistics [1] /(in Dutch)/ showing that, among men in the Netherlands in 2001, 71% of 55-year olds, 38% of 60-year olds and only 7% of 65


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 siječnja 2024
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Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 ožujka 2019
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Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 studenog 2018
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In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 lipnja 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 siječnja 2018
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 rujna 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

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