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Starenje radne snage

Starenje europskog stanovništva nameće tvorcima politika mnoge izazove u pogledu zapošljavanja, radnih uvjeta, životnog standarda i dobrobiti, a dovelo je i do zabrinutosti u pogledu održivosti mirovinskih sustava i opskrbe radnom snagom. Za promicanje mogućnosti zapošljavanja za radnu snagu koja stari potrebno je novo razmišljanje na razini poduzeća te na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini.

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From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Unatoč znatnom rastu stope zaposlenosti starijih radnika tijekom proteklog desetljeća u mnogim zemljama EU-a, Zajedničko izvješće o zapošljavanju Europske komisije za 2017. ističe potencijal dodatnog povećanja tih stopa. Stopa zaposlenosti starijih radnika u dobi od 55 do 64 godine 2016. u EU-u je iznosila 55,3 %, u usporedbi sa stopom od 66,6 % zaposlenih osoba u dobi od 15 do 64 godine u cjelini. Porast je bio najveći među starijim ženama.

Europski stup socijalnih prava pruža okvir za pomaganje tržištima rada u prilagodbi novim izazovima uz istodobno promicanje pravednosti i solidarnosti među generacijama. Naglašava pravo na radno okruženje prilagođeno profesionalnim potrebama radnika kako bi im se omogućilo produljenje sudjelovanja na tržištu rada. Osim toga, nedavni autonomni sporazum europskih socijalnih partnera o aktivnom starenju i međugeneracijskom pristupu obvezuje se na olakšavanje aktivnog sudjelovanja starijim radnicima i time omogućavanje dužeg ostanka na tržištu rada.

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound je već dugo stručni autoritet u pogledu problema s kojima se suočava starija radna snaga. Istraživanja su od 1990.-ih bila usmjerena na sudjelovanje na tržištu rada, učinkovitost na radnom mjestu, radne uvjete i preferencije u pogledu rada starijih radnika u kontekstu politike promjenjivog demografskog profila Europe. Eurofound se usredotočio na potporu javnosti i na inicijative na razini poduzeća za poticanje zapošljavanja starijih radnika. Promatrao je starije radnice, ističući sve veće stope zaposlenosti ove skupine i njihov rastući udio u radnoj snazi, posebno u dobnoj skupini od 55 do 64 godine.

Rezultati istraživanja

Eurofoundova opsežna istraživanja pružaju niz podataka o situacijama starijih radnika. Šesto Europsko istraživanje o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) uspoređuje starije radnike u različitim dimenzijama kvalitete posla. Iako je manje vjerojatno da će stariji radnici ostati bez posla u odnosu na mlađe radnike, podaci pokazuju da stariji radnici smatraju da ako postanu nezaposleni, neće dobiti slično plaćen novi posao te da će imati poteškoće u ponovnom ulasku na tržište rada.

Istraživanje utemeljeno na Eurofoundovu petom Europskom istraživanju o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) razmatra obilježja starije radne snage i rada u različitim životnim razdobljima, kao i čimbenike koji čine posao održivim za radnu snagu koja stari: dobre radne uvjete, fizičku i psihičku dobrobit i ravnotežu između poslovnog i privatnog života.

Eurofoundovo Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života (EQLS) pruža rezultate o različitim dimenzijama kvalitete života u Europi prema dobi. Analiza preferencija u pogledu rada nakon 50. godine života oslanja se na treće Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života i pokazuje da mnogi stariji radnici radije rade manji broj sati čak i nakon što se uzmu u obzir njihove financijske potrebe. Olakšavanje boljeg usklađivanja radnog vremena s preferencijama radnika može omogućiti ljudima da rade dulje i motivirati ih.

Produljenje radnog vijeka

Eurofound se nedavno pridružio još trima agencijama Europske unije radi proučavanja radnih mjesta u Europi prilagođenih starijim dobnim skupinama, izazova politika povezanih sa starenjem radne snage i inovativnih rješenja.

Mnogi radnici nisu u mogućnosti raditi ili nisu motivirani da rade do zakonske dobi za umirovljenje. Međutim, postoji i skupina koja je sposobna i voljna raditi i nakon nje. Eurofound istražuje sve češću pojavu rada nakon umirovljenja.

Nedavna istraživanja usredotočila su se na produljenje radnog vijeka putem fleksibilnih sustava umirovljenja, posebno sustava djelomičnog umirovljenja koji to mogu olakšati. Pregledi karijere na polovini radnog vijeka isto tako mogu pridonijeti produljenju radnog vijeka. U istraživanjima se analiziralo na koji način takvi pregledi mogu pomoći radnicima u razmatranju mogućnosti za ostajanje na radnom mjestu do što kasnije dobi za umirovljenje. Ističu se različiti instrumenti koje su poduzeća razvila kako bi zadržala starije radnike.

U ostalim istraživanjima dokumentirane su nacionalne i sektorske inicijative vlada i socijalnih partnera za zadržavanje starijih radnika na tržištu rada, uključujući financijske poticaje i poboljšane uvjete. U ranijem projektu analizirane su inicijative za upravljanje pitanjem starenja uvedene prije i nakon recesije kako bi se istaknule dobre prakse u poduzećima u Europi.

Izvori

Key outputs

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Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci...

28 siječnja 2022
Publication
Research report
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This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 svibnja 2019
Publication
Research report
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Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 siječnja 2018
Publication
Research report
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Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 prosinca 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of

19 December 2023

Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci na korištenje usluga skrbi i oslanjanje starijih osoba na druge

28 January 2022

Jedan od najuočljivijih događaja u proteklih pola stoljeća bio je golem porast sudjelovanja žena na tržištu rada. Žene su zaposlene na dva od tri neto nova radna mjesta otvorena tijekom posljednja dva desetljeća u EU-u. Istodobno se povećao udio starijih radnika na tržištu rada, kao posljedica

14 December 2021

U ovom se ključnom izvješću iznose glavni zaključci Eurofoundova istraživanja o radnim uvjetima koje je provedeno u programskom razdoblju 2017. – 2020. U njemu se utvrđuje napredak ostvaren od 2000. i ispituje jesu li svi radnici u jednakoj mjeri imali koristi od pozitivne promjene. Poseban se

26 February 2021

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The

13 May 2019

Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers. This policy brief looks at inequalities in the quality of life of Europeans across six age groups.

05 February 2019

Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European Quality of Life Survey. This overview report presents the findings for the EU Member States. It uses information from

23 January 2018

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it is necessary to identify what are the factors preventing or helping workers to have a sustainable work.

21 December 2017

This article explores the views of workers about the issue of extending working life. It highlights differences in the share of workers regarding the age they would like to work to and the ability to work until 60 in terms of employment status, sex and country.

28 September 2017
Publication
Research report

The ageing of the EU’s population and workforce has implications for employment, working conditions, living standards and welfare. This report draws on the expertise of four EU Agencies in their respective areas, covers the policy challenges associated with the ageing workforce and considers

29 June 2017

Online resources results (133)

Stereotypes associated with employment of older workers

The population of the Czech Republic, like most developed European countries, is ageing. This ongoing process of ageing is influenced by other demographic changes, such as the sharp fall in fertility in the Czech Republic and increasing life expectancy. Table 1 demonstrates the increasing percentage

Employment of older workers and lifelong learning

The European Commission adopted its Employment Guidelines (136Kb; pdf) [1] in 2003. The fifth of its 10 specific guidelines seeks to increase labour supply and promote active ageing. According to the guidelines, employment of the 55-64 age group must be increased from 40% to 50% by 2010; in Hungary

Health and employability of older workers

The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in the Netherlands asked TNO [1] to map myths and facts about older employees, their physical and mental health and associated disabilities. The report also outlines various interventions in the Netherlands to combat false stereotypes and to improve the

Health and work satisfaction among older workers

A 2004 study, Older workers in the labour market and in working life (500Kb pdf; in Estonian) [1], evaluates the work ability and employability of older workers (over 45 years old) in the Estonian labour market. Work ability is defined by Juhani Ilmarinen (1999) as a set of personal resources

Company practices regarding older workers

The survey was compiled as part of a study, Older workers: Public policies and company practices (2.72Mb PDF; in Portuguese) [1] (Trabalhadores mais velhos: políticas públicas e práticas empresariais), and published in 2003 by the Ministry for Social Security and Labour [2] (Ministério da Segurança

Moins de pénibilités et de stress chez les travailleurs plus âgés

La DARES, Direction de l’Animation de la Recherche, des Études et des Statistiques du Ministère français du travail, a publié des résultats d’enquête qui indiquent que le travail des salariés est toujours aussi pénible physiquement. Les rythmes de travail se sont intensifiés, ainsi que la charge

Less physical risks and stress among older people

DARES, the French Ministry of Labour’s research and statistics unit, has published survey results which indicate that the work of employees continues to be physically demanding. Pace of work has increased, along with levels of mental stress. These findings are based on employee responses to surveys

Âge et travail en Europe

/L'Union européenne va devoir faire face, à moyen terme, à une pénurie de main-d'œuvre, compte tenu de la baisse des taux de natalité. Dans le même temps, la pression exercée sur les systèmes de sécurité sociale ira grandissante, suite à l'allongement de l'espérance de vie. Avec pour objectif d

Call for EU-wide strategies aimed at older workers

In the light of the ageing and future shrinking of the working age population, there is a need to increase the participation and employment rates of older workers. This has been the subject of considerable attention in a number of recent EU policy documents, such as a specific Commission staff

Older workers more motivated in their work

Many older people leave work before they reach the age of 60, in some cases even at 55 years. The Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) recently published statistics [1] /(in Dutch)/ showing that, among men in the Netherlands in 2001, 71% of 55-year olds, 38% of 60-year olds and only 7% of 65


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 siječnja 2024
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Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 ožujka 2019
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Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 studenog 2018
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In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 lipnja 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 siječnja 2018
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 rujna 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

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