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COVID-19
Bolest COVID-19 promijenila je mnoge aspekte našeg poslovnog i obiteljskog života, a isto tako, sva istraživačka područja Eurofounda obilježena su bolešću COVID-19. Agencija je provela nekoliko krugova sada već značajne internetske ankete "Život i rad u EU-u" kako bi analizirala brze promjene koje su uslijedile nakon izbijanja pandemije. Istodobno, analize u postojećim anketama i drugim istraživanjima posebno su se bavile utjecajima pandemije na svim razinama. Dugoročni učinci pandemije na život i svijet rada i dalje su dio predstojećih istraživanjakoja se bave promjenama na tržištu rada, načinom na koji je digitalizacija promijenila radno mjesto, kako je COVID-19 utjecao na kontinuitet poslovanja i kako krize utječu na jednakost i koheziju u Europi.
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Raditi bilo kada, bilo gdje: Kvaliteta radnog vremena u EU
Ovo istraživačko izvješće ispituje kako fleksibilni radni aranžmani u EU-u utječu na kvalitetu radnog vremena, autonomiju i dobrobit zaposlenika, uspoređujući nedavna zbivanja s prije deset godina. Analizira razlike među razinama vještina, sektorima i državama članicama te procjenjuje ulogu propisa i politika poput prava na isključenje.Weathering the crisis: How job retention schemes preserved employment and incomes during the pandemic
This report describes the implementation and changing features of job retention schemes in the EU between 2020 and 2022. In response to the COVID-19 health emergency, EU governments swiftly deployed job retention schemes to preserve employment, support businesses and maintain individual incomes. The report shows that, following an initial period during which job retention schemes underwent numerous changes in their eligibility and conditionality criteria, the institutional features of job retention schemes stabilised as the pandemic progressed. Furthermore, the report demonstrates that a high degree of heterogeneity in the features of the schemes was maintained throughout the pandemic and its aftermath. While some of the schemes expired with the end of the pandemic, others were transformed into permanent institutions of the labour market. The report also analyses the employment and distributional effects of job retention schemes, highlighting their significant effects in terms of number of jobs saved and share of personal incomes maintained during the pandemic. An estimated 24.8 million jobs were saved in the EU in 2020 through the use of such schemes. Furthermore, the schemes absorbed more than one-third of the income shock produced by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and more than one-fifth of the income shock in 2021.
Regional employment change and the geography of telework in Europe
The fast and steady recovery in employment following the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU benefited from proactive policy responses to the crisis and from resilient labour markets. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022; however, significant regional disparities remain. EU regions fared differently, depending on their economic specialisation and notably on the concentration of jobs in knowledge-intensive services that can be performed remotely. The geography of telework across EU regions was primarily shaped by differences in occupational structure, and fast internet connectivity remains an essential enabling factor. Recent initiatives to support remote work in rural, peripheral or marginalised areas through the creation of coworking spaces show how dynamism and diversity in rural economies can be promoted.
Eurofoundov rad na bolesti COVID-19 ispituje dalekosežne socioekonomske posljedice pandemije diljem Europe i njihov utjecaj na životne i radne uvjete. Oslanjajući se na svoju mrežu Eurofoundovih dopisnika, prilagođavajući usmjerenost svojih internih resursa, Eurofound prati ključne promjene koje je kriza donijela na tržište rada, radne uvjete i kvalitetu života diljem EU-a te nastoji utvrditi kako su različite države članice odgovorile na izazove koji su se pojavili. Kao odgovor na COVID-19 Eurofound je svoje istraživanje prilagodio sljedećim postavkama:
prikuplja podatke o utjecaju te dosad nezabilježene situacije na živote Europljana putem svojeg jedinstvenog internetskog istraživanja pokrenutog u travnju 2020. te prati mjere koje su akteri politike poduzeli za borbu protiv učinaka pandemije na zapošljavanje, radne uvjete i životne uvjete
pružiti analizu posebnih tema, kao što su učinci na zapošljavanje, učinci na određene sektore, učinkovitost posebnih mjera (na primjer, programi skraćenog radnog vremena).
Istražite više:
Ostali relevantni resursi:
Baza podataka o događajima restrukturiranja: utjecaj bolesti COVID-19 na učinke restrukturiranja velikih razmjera na zapošljavanje u Europi
Europski monitor zapošljavanja: promjena strukture zapošljavanja u Europi s obzirom na krizu
EU PolicyWatch: baza podataka o odgovorima vlada i socijalnih partnera na krizu, na temelju istraživanja Mreže dopisnika Eurofounda
Instrumenti potpore restrukturiranju – EU PolicyWatch: bilježenje mjera kojima se podupiru poduzeća koja se restrukturiraju, kao i pogođeni zaposlenici, uz isticanje kada je slučaj relevantan za COVID-19
Inicijative za ekonomiju platformi – COVID-19: kako kriza utječe na rad putem platformi i radnike koji rade putem platformi
Od 2020. nacionalna tijela i tijela EU-a pokrenula su niz mjera potpore kako bi odgovorila na posljedice krize uzrokovane bolešću COVID-19, koja je utjecala na redovan život i rad ljudi u EU-u. Posljedice pandemije posebno su utjecale na određene sektore, mnoge samozaposlene osobe i MSP-ove.
Iako EU nema izravnu zakonodavnu vlast u zdravstvenim pitanjima (za to su odgovorne pojedinačne države članice), odgovor EU-a, a posebno Europske komisije, bio je usmjeren na stabilizaciju gospodarstva EU-a, uvođenje mjera granične kontrole, jačanje sektora javnog zdravstva, osiguravanje proizvodnje cjepiva za građane te potporu različitim poslovnim sektorima.
Komisija je 10. veljače 2021. pozdravila činjenicu da je Europski parlament odobrio Mehanizam za oporavak i otpornost u vrijednosti od 672,5 milijardi eura koji je dostupan državama članicama EU-a za potporu reformama i ulaganjima u okviru instrumenta NextGenerationEU, privremenog instrumenta osmišljenog za poticanje oporavka i pomoć Europi da iz krize izađe jača. Mehanizam traje do kraja prosinca 2026. i usko je povezan s prioritetima Komisije za zeleniju, digitalniju i otporniju Europu.
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7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 May 2021
Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year
The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.
27 September 2020
Living, working and COVID-19
This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s stakeholders and social media advertising. Two rounds of the e-survey have been carried out to date: one in April, when most Member States were in lockdown, and one in July, when society and economies were slowly re-opening.
The findings of the e-survey from the first round reflected widespread emotional distress, financial concern and low levels of trust in institutions. Levels of concern abated somewhat in the second round, particularly among groups of respondents who were benefiting from support measures implemented during the pandemic. At the same time, the results underline stark differences between countries and between socioeconomic groups that point to growing inequalities.
The results confirm the upsurge in teleworking across all countries during the COVID-19 pandemic that has been documented elsewhere, and the report explores what this means for work–life balance and elements of job quality.
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
Istraživači Eurofounda pružaju stručne uvide i mogu ih se kontaktirati za pitanja ili upite medija.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt viša je voditeljica istraživanja u odjelu za socijalne politike u Eurofoundu. Otkako se pridružila Eurofoundu 2013., njezin je rad obuhvaćao širok raspon područja socijalne politike. Trenutačno koordinira Eurofoundove aktivnosti upravljanja anketama i razvoja te vodi pripremu i analizu e-anketa o bolesti COVID-19. Daphne ima više od 20 godina iskustva kao istraživačica radeći na međunarodnim istraživanjima, a prethodno je radila u Jedinici Eurobarometra pri Europskoj komisiji i u Nacionalnom centru za društvena istraživanja u Londonu gdje je radila na Međunarodnom programu društvenih istraživanja. Daphne je magistrirala politiku kaznenog pravosuđa na London School of Economics i diplomirala političke znanosti na Državnom sveučilištu San Francisco.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor viša je voditeljica istraživanja u odjelu za socijalne politike u Eurofoundu. Ima stručnost u metodologiji istraživanja i statističkoj analizi, radila je na pripremi i upravljanju Europskim istraživanjem o kvaliteti života, a nedavno i e-anketom Život, rad i COVID-19 te je odgovorna za kvalitetu skupova podataka. Njezina istraživačka područja su dobrobit mladih i kvaliteta života u kućanstvima i obiteljima, uključujući subjektivnu dobrobit, ravnotežu između poslovnog i privatnog života te životne uvjete. Prethodno je radila kao ekonomska savjetnica u Škotskoj s fokusom na procjene gospodarskog učinka, evaluacije i analizu input-outputa. Magistrirala je ekonomiju i međunarodne odnose na Sveučilištu Corvinus u Budimpešti.
Ovaj odjeljak pruža pristup cjelokupnom sadržaju koji je objavljen o temi.
