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Umirovljenje

Odlazak u mirovinu s plaćenog posla u dobi od 65 godina, a često i ranije, donedavno je bio norma u EU-u. Dob u kojoj ljudi odlaze u mirovinu razlikuje se u zemljama članicama EU-a, a dobna granica za odlazak u mirovinu sve je viša. 

Topic

Recent updates

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The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of...

19 prosinca 2023
Publication
Policy brief
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Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci...

28 siječnja 2022
Publication
Research report
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Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers...

5 veljače 2019
Publication
Policy brief

EU context

Kad „baby boom” generacija bude odlazila u mirovinu, bit će više radnika koji se povlače s tržišta rada nego onih koji u njega ulaze. Budući da ljudi žive duže, a stopa nataliteta pada diljem Europe, jedan je od prioriteta politike EU-a potaknuti Europljane da ostanu duže radno aktivni kako bi se osigurala održivost mirovinskih sustava i odgovarajuća socijalna zaštita. Posljednjih su godina neke države članice započele podizati dobne granice odlaska u mirovinu (na primjer, Irska će podići državnu dob umirovljenja na 68 godina do 2028., a Njemačka na 67 godina do 2031.) i traže načine poticanja radnika da duže ostanu radno aktivni. Sve više starijih radnika želi duže raditi.

U Bijeloj knjizi o mirovinama objavljenoj 2012. Europska komisija predlaže inicijative za stvaranje okvira kojim bi se starijim radnicima omogućilo da nastave raditi, ako su u mogućnosti, i time uštede više za mirovinu. Isto tako, Komisija je pozvala države članice da smanje razlike u zakonskoj dobi za umirovljenje između muškaraca i žena te da preispitaju dobi za obvezno umirovljenje  Komisija je razmotrila sustave umirovljenja za radnike u teškim ili opasnim poslovima u Europi te raspravila o reformama u tijeku i najboljim praksama, uključujući preporuke za države članice EU-a.

Rad Eurofounda

Tijekom godina Eurofound je analizirao pitanja povezana s umirovljenjem u zemljama EU-a. Istraživanjima se nastojalo razmotriti mogućnosti prijevremene i progresivne mirovine, kombiniranja rada s djelomičnim umirovljenjem, rada nakon umirovljenja, volontiranja u mirovini te pitanja povezana s mirovinama. Posljednjih godina istraživanja su usmjerena na produženje radnog vijeka u odnosu na sadašnju dob za umirovljenje, kao i na pitanja u vezi s preferencijama u pogledu rada, dohotka i kvalitete života.

Preferencije u pogledu rada u razdoblju prije umirovljenja

Analiza rezultata Eurofoundova trećeg Europskog istraživanja o kvaliteti života istražuje preferencije starijih radnika u pogledu radnog vremena. Rezultati otkrivaju da bi gotovo polovina radnika u dobi od 50 godina i više radije radila manji broj sati, uzimajući u obzir financijske potrebe. Znatan udio umirovljenika koji trenutačno ne rade plaćen posao volio bi raditi barem nekoliko sati tjedno. Istraživanje je analiziralo na koji način pregled karijere na polovini radnog vijeka može pomoći radnicima u razmatranju mogućnosti za ostajanje na radnom mjestu do što kasnije dobi pred umirovljenje. 

Kombiniranje rada s djelomičnim umirovljenjem

Trenutačno stariji radnici često napuštaju tržište rada prije zakonske dobi za umirovljenje zbog zdravstvenih problema, invaliditeta i odgovornosti u pogledu skrbi. Velik broj ljudi jednostavno želi raditi manje, usklađujući radno vrijeme sa svojim preferencijama. Jedan od načina motiviranja ljudi i omogućivanja da rade dulje jest olakšati im smanjenje broja radnih sati i istovremeno omogućiti da nadoknade gubitke u dohotku djelomičnom mirovinom ili naknadom. Istraživanje Eurofounda analizira utjecaj takvih sustava djelomičnog umirovljenja.

Rad nakon umirovljenja

U mnogim se zemljama starije osobe bave plaćenom djelatnošću nakon dobi za umirovljenje. Eurofoundovo istraživanje o dohotku od rada nakon umirovljenja u EU-u razmatra motive umirovljenika za traženje plaćenog posla i njihove mogućnosti zapošljavanja. Istražuje i strategije poduzeća za zapošljavanje i zadržavanje umirovljenika te ističe nedoumice i prednosti za starije ljude koji se žele baviti plaćenom djelatnošću. Isto tako, istraživanje proučava u kojoj je mjeri posao nakon umirovljenja povezan s primjerenošću dohotka među umirovljenim stanovništvom.

Mirovinska reforma

Mirovine su glavni izvor prihoda mnogim umirovljenicima. Reforma mirovinskih sustava posljednjih je godina usmjerena na održivost javnih mirovina i na povećanje stvarne dobi za umirovljenje. U Eurofoundovu istraživanju o uključenosti socijalnih partnera u mirovinsku reformu u EU-u razmatraju se reforme uvedene kao odgovor na gospodarsku i financijsku krizu, pri čemu se naglašava uloga socijalnih partnera u takvim reformama od 2008.

Volontiranje

S obzirom na starenje europskog stanovništva, socijalna uključenost starijih osoba i strategije za promicanje volontiranja među starijima važne su stavke u političkom programu EU-a. Istraživanje o volontiranju starijih ljudi u EU-u pokazuje najbolju praksu u svim aspektima volontiranja i njegovu povezanost sa socijalnom uključenošću. U istraživanju se razmatraju i mjere za poticanje volontiranja tijekom prijelaza s posla u mirovinu.

Žene i muškarci u mirovini

Žene odlaze u mirovinu ranije od muškaraca u većini država članica, dijelom zato što posvećuju više vremena brizi za uzdržavane osobe od svojih muških kolega. Međutim, to će se vjerojatno promijeniti narednih godina zbog planiranog povećanja dobi za umirovljenje u mnogim zemljama. Eurofound se bavio slučajevima starijih radnica u Europi i pružanjem motivacije da nastave više sudjelovati na tržištu rada, što bi dovelo do smanjenja stope prijevremenog umirovljenja žena. 

Key outputs

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Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci...

28 siječnja 2022
Publication
Research report
ef18020_card_cover.png

Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers...

5 veljače 2019
Publication
Policy brief
ef18019_card_cover.png

Feelings of insecurity in several dimensions of life are widespread in the EU population, even among those who are materially well-off. Policymakers need to take these insecurities into account to...

9 listopada 2018
Publication
Policy brief
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Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 prosinca 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (46)

The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of

19 December 2023

Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci na korištenje usluga skrbi i oslanjanje starijih osoba na druge

28 January 2022

Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers. This policy brief looks at inequalities in the quality of life of Europeans across six age groups.

05 February 2019

Feelings of insecurity in several dimensions of life are widespread in the EU population, even among those who are materially well-off. Policymakers need to take these insecurities into account to better understand the concerns and dissatisfactions of citizens.

09 October 2018

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it is necessary to identify what are the factors preventing or helping workers to have a sustainable work.

21 December 2017

With people living longer, the need for affordable care of high quality to support Europe’s population increases. Over the last ten years there has been an expansion of the private sector in terms of the number of care homes and the places they provide. This increase takes place in a context of

28 November 2017

This article explores the views of workers about the issue of extending working life. It highlights differences in the share of workers regarding the age they would like to work to and the ability to work until 60 in terms of employment status, sex and country.

28 September 2017
Publication
Research report

The ageing of the EU’s population and workforce has implications for employment, working conditions, living standards and welfare. This report draws on the expertise of four EU Agencies in their respective areas, covers the policy challenges associated with the ageing workforce and considers

29 June 2017

Demographic ageing poses the challenge of how to keep people in employment for longer without negatively affecting their health and well-being. The solutions are particularly critical for workers engaged in arduous work. This report examines how mid-career reviews can play a key role by clarifying

17 January 2017

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at work–life balance and some of the factors that help or hinder workers in combining working with non-working life.

23 December 2016

Online resources results (98)

Norway: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A settlement on pensions, amendments to the Working Environment Act, plans for a survey of foreign tour bus companies and a new report on working environments and occupational health are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Belgium: latest working life developments Q2 2018

Ongoing discussions about pension reform for ‘heavy occupations’, the signing of an agreement in the non-profit sector and strikes in the railway sector are the main topics of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the first quarter of 2018

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

A considerable increase in the minimum wage, unions´request for early retirement for those working in hazardous conditions, and changes in the delivery of occupational health services are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

Increases in the minimum retirement pension and minimum wage, protests by police at border checkpoints, and a Bulgarian elected Vice-President of the largest European trade union organisation, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

Plans to raise the earliest retirement age and the right to remain employed for longer despite concerns by social partners, and research on attitudes towards industrial action in different income groupsare the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Netherlands: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Increase in employment figures and childcare facilities, a rise in the number of accidents in the workplace, initiatives to boost youth employment and new collective agreements are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Publication of a study on the minimum wage, the introduction of pensioners’ cooperatives to reduce labour and skill shortages, and a proposal to extend working time are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary in

Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Efforts to improve equality and social cohesion, softening the cut in unemployment benefit, early retirement without penalties for long service and union calls for an end to wage and promotion freezes in the public sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports

Greece: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Continuing negotiations with the Troika on the Greek labour market and pensions system, the conclusion of a national collective employment agreement and a judgment on human trafficking are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Estonia: First steps towards a more flexible pension system

The Estonian government has proposed several changes to its pension system, including tying the retirement age to life expectancy and making the state pension less dependent on income. All interest groups will be kept informed and consulted during the preparation of the draft legislation, when the

Article

Blogs results (1)
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 rujna 2016

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