Sin dal suo lancio nel 1990, l'Indagine europea sulle condizioni di lavoro (EWCS) ha fornito una panoramica delle condizioni di lavoro in Europa.
European Working Conditions Survey 2024
Eurofound carried out the fieldwork for the latest edition of its European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) during 2024. The EWCS 2024 provides a comprehensive picture of the everyday reality of men and women at work. In order to future-proof this unique tool for European comparative analysis on working conditions and to look at how trend analysis could be maintained, in parallel to the face-to-face interviews for this survey edition, Eurofound also implemented an experiment for an online questionnaire for the first time.
The microdata for the EWCS 2024 will be available via the UK Data Service in late December 2025. Please refer to the Data availability page for more information on raw data access.
NEW - Fieldwork for the EWCS 2024 follow-up survey is underway and will run until 8 December 2025.
The 2024 edition of the survey provides data to be able to continue to:
assess and quantify working conditions of both employees and self-employed workers across the EU Member States and beyond on a harmonised basis
analyse relationships between different aspects of working conditions
identify work situations that are of concern and/or groups at risk, as well as monitoring areas of improvement
monitor trends by providing homogeneous indicators on these issues
contribute to European policy development, particularly on quality of work and employment
Analysis of the EWCS 2024 is still ongoing. In the meantime, Eurofound's first findings and podcast provide initial insights into the new edition of this survey.
3 September 2025
30 June 2025
As the newest edition in Eurofound's longest-running survey, the EWCS 2024 aims to ensure continuity of the survey analysis, accurate and timely findings and high-quality outputs, as well as adaptability of data collection methods for the future.
Continuity of survey analysis: Comparative analysis, rich set of indicators, job quality at the heart, different working situations, quality of working lives
Quality of findings and outputs: Relevance to users, quality of the questionnaire and finalisation process, quality of the translation, quality of the survey production process
Adaptability of data collection: Comparability over time but also new questions dealing with 'the future of work that we want', findings solutions to collect high-quality comparative data on job quality in a changing data collection environment
The main emphasis of the preparatory work was on maintaining trends to ensure comparability over time in job quality and key indicators on quality of working life, incorporating gender mainstreaming. New questions have been developed to cover the key policy and research agenda around the future of work, including the impact of COVID-19, digitalisation and decarbonisation at work.
A study was commissioned on how to transition interviewer-administered, cross-national surveys to an online mode, with particular emphasis on the EWCS, and another on cognitive pretesting using cross-cultural interviews and web probing.
A comprehensive pilot test took place in all countries from September to November 2023 which provided valuable information to ensure the fieldwork implementation for the main survey is of the highest quality. Following the pilot test a small number of changes were made to the questionnaire and the online design was finalised, based on tests to assess the most appropriate methodological approach for the push-to-web survey.
The survey was carried out from February to November 2024.
Approximately 36,644 workers were interviewed in 35 countries, including the EU27, Norway, Switzerland, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.
Face-to-face interviewing in the respondents home or neutral location, not in the workplace.
49 language versions of the questionnaire are available.
To display this data, use the filters below to select a question. Refine the results by selecting a country (or group of countries), apply additional filters (which vary throughout the surveys) or change the visualisation by selecting a preferred chart type.
EWCS 2024 (all questions)
Update 2 December 2025: The EWCS 2024 dashboard is temporarily unavailable due to updates. Back online soon.
This section provides further information targeted in particular at researchers.
Methodology
Contractor
Verian, Belgium
Coverage
27 EU Member States, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia and Switzerland
Fieldwork period
February–November 2024
Target population
All residents of the countries mentioned between above of 16-74 years of age and in employment at the time of the survey. People were considered to be in employment if they had worked for pay or profit for at least an hour in the week preceding the interview (ILO definition).
Sample
Multi-stage, stratified, random samples of the working population in each country. Depending on the availability of high-quality registers, sampling was carried out using individual-level, household-level and address-level registers, or through enumeration using a random-walk approach. Country-level samples were stratified by region and degree of urbanisation. In each stratum, primary sampling units (PSUs) were randomly selected proportional to size. Subsequently, a random sample of households was drawn in each PSU. Finally, unless individual-level registers were used, in each household the selected respondent was the person in work who would have their birthday next.
Sample size
The target sample was 1,000 interviews in all countries except Luxembourg (500), Cyprus, Malta and Kosovo (800). Slovenia (1,300) and Belgium (2,000) had a higher target since they topped up the base sample size at their own cost. The final number of valid interviews for the EWCS 2024 in all 35 countries is 36,644.
Type
Face to face, at the respondent’s home using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI); median interview duration 42 minutes.
Quality assurance
Respondents were interviewed in the national language(s) of their country. Overall 49 language versions were used.
The English source questionnaire is available.
The language versions of the questionnaire are made available to researchers for background information. Note that there may be some very small discrepancies between the language version and the English source version due to last-minute scripting adjustments prior to fieldwork which are not reflected in the Excel version. If any anomalies are identified the source version should be considered the reference. Eurofound would be grateful to be informed of any issues arising in the translations.
Download the questionnaire in the language of each country below.
Eurofound experts
You can contact the following experts for questions on the survey.
Agnès Parent-Thirion
Senior research managerAgnès Parent-Thirion è senior research manager presso l'unità Working Life di Eurofound, incaricata della pianificazione, dello sviluppo e dell'attuazione di progetti di ricerca sulle condizioni di lavoro, in particolare l'indagine europea sulle condizioni di lavoro (EWCS) e le relative analisi. È responsabile dell'edizione straordinaria dell'EWCS 2021 e della preparazione del questionario per l'EWCS 2024. I suoi interessi di ricerca includono le condizioni di lavoro, la qualità del lavoro, il monitoraggio delle condizioni di lavoro, l'organizzazione del lavoro, il genere, il futuro del lavoro e il tempo. Ha lavorato nel settore delle indagini comparative europee per più di un decennio, in tutti gli aspetti, tra cui la progettazione, lo sviluppo di questionari, il lavoro sul campo, il controllo di qualità e l'analisi. Si è laureata in Economia e Management presso le università Paris IX Dauphine e Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne e ha conseguito un diploma post-laurea in Statistica presso il Trinity College di Dublino. Di recente ha completato corsi online sull'intelligenza artificiale: inquiry-driven leadership con MIT Sloan Executive Education e "Les grand enjeux de la transition: re-ouvrir l'horizon, comprendre pour agir" con il Campus de la Transition. Prima di entrare a far parte di Eurofound, ha lavorato per diversi anni presso la Commissione europea.
Sophia MacGoris
Surveys officerSophia MacGoris è responsabile delle indagini presso l'unità Vita lavorativa di Eurofound. Collabora a tutte e tre le indagini di Eurofound. Essendo stata coinvolta in sondaggi transnazionali per molti anni, utilizza la sua esperienza e il suo ruolo trasversale per garantire una continuità di apprendimento e una garanzia di qualità al massimo livello durante l'intero processo di indagine. Prima di entrare a far parte di Eurofound nel 1996, ha lavorato per diversi anni presso la Commissione europea a Bruxelles nel settore della scienza, della ricerca e dello sviluppo. Ha conseguito una laurea con lode in Scienze Sociali con specializzazione in Politiche Sociali.
