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Servizi pubblici

Servizi pubblici come la sanità, l’istruzione, l’assistenza sociale e i trasporti sono fondamentali per raggiungere livelli elevati di protezione, coesione e inclusione sociali. Tuttavia, è la qualità e l’accessibilità dei servizi a determinare la loro validità nell’ambito di un panorama sociale e demografico mutevole.

Per i decisori politici la sfida consiste nel garantire la progettazione e la realizzazione di servizi sociali e sanitari che soddisfino le varie esigenze dei cittadini. Negli ultimi anni questa sfida è stata influenzata da gravi limitazioni finanziarie e dalla domanda crescente, trainata in parte dall’invecchiamento demografico e per certi versi dall’afflusso dei rifugiati in Europa. Oltre all’accessibilità e alla qualità, stanno emergendo anche problemi più recenti: tra questi, il rischio che nuovi canali digitali per la fornitura dei servizi possano isolare comunità già svantaggiate, nonché potenziali difficoltà nel garantire l’accessibilità e la qualità dei servizi.

Il pacchetto Investimenti sociali della Commissione, varato nel 2013, invita gli Stati membri a impegnarsi maggiormente per fornire servizi pubblici di qualità elevata. Inoltre, la strategia per il mercato unico digitale in Europa, adottata nel 2015, si concentra sulla modernizzazione di tali servizi pubblici in quanto mezzo per favorire la competitività. Il ricorso a nuove tecnologie, i servizi pubblici online e l’interoperabilità transfrontaliera sono fondamentali per aumentare i risparmi sui costi e la qualità dei servizi. Nell’aprile 2017 la Commissione ha adottato il pacchetto sul pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali, che include tra i suoi principi chiave l’accesso a un’istruzione di qualità, all’educazione e alla cura della prima infanzia, all’assistenza sanitaria, all’edilizia sociale e ad altri servizi essenziali. 

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...
Podcast
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

Web page

EU context

Il lavoro di Eurofound

Eurofound esamina le esigenze dei cittadini in generale, con un’attenzione particolare per i giovani, gli anziani, le persone affette da disturbi fisici o mentali e quelle provenienti da un contesto migratorio, monitorando e analizzando i cambiamenti nei servizi pubblici causati dai vincoli di bilancio, dai mutamenti politici e dal progresso tecnologico e digitale. Grazie a studi di casi approfonditi, la ricerca di Eurofound sul tema dei servizi pubblici esamina anche i punti di vista dei fornitori di servizi e la loro risposta alle mutevoli esigenze degli utenti.

Contributi chiave

L’analisi dell’indagine europea di Eurofound sulla qualità della vita (EQLS) studia l’impatto della crisi sulla società europea e il modo in cui gli europei percepiscono la qualità delle loro società e dei loro servizi pubblici. Alcuni studi approfonditi trattano una serie di temi chiave, tra cui l’effetto della crisi economica e delle riforme del sistema previdenziale sul tenore di vita e sulla qualità della società.

In particolare, avvalendosi dei dati dell’EQLS, la ricerca ha esaminato le disuguaglianze sociali in quattro ambiti fondamentali: la salute, il tenore di vita, le attività produttive e quelle cui si attribuisce valore nonché la vita individuale, familiare e sociale. L’analisi si è concentrata anche sulle famiglie, indagando sulle differenze della qualità della vita nell’UE per vari tipi di famiglie con figli e confrontando le loro condizioni di vita e la loro situazione sociale. 

Altri ambiti di interesse sono stati i costi sociali ed economici e le conseguenze dell’inadeguatezza degli alloggi, oltre all’aumento dell’offerta di servizi ospedalieri privati in Europa. Inoltre è stato oggetto di dibattito l’impatto dell’afflusso crescente di cittadini mobili sui servizi pubblici degli Stati membri dell’UE.

Le misure per favorire l’inclusione sociale dei giovani e l’esperienza in materia di attuazione della garanzia per i giovani sono stati temi importanti per Eurofound. Per di più, l’accesso ai servizi di educazione e cura della prima infanzia e la loro qualità hanno acquisito una maggiore rilevanza nel dibattito politico dell’UE e sono stati anche oggetto dell’attività di ricerca di Eurofound.

Avvalendosi di dati provenienti dalla quarta EQLS condotta nel 2016, tale attività esaminerà il modo in cui i servizi pubblici stanno soddisfacendo le esigenze dei gruppi sociali per aiutare i politici a mettere a disposizione servizi sociali adeguati e appropriati. Eurofound tratterà l’impatto della digitalizzazione al di là delle frontiere sociali e geografiche, analizzando il modo in cui le nuove tecnologie possono contribuire alla progettazione e alla prestazione dei servizi sociosanitari.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

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The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in...

21 Settembre 2023
Publication
Policy brief
Front cover for Eurofound's publication entitled 'Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality'

La presente relazione affronta l’impatto della crisi dovuta alla pandemia di COVID-19 sui servizi sociali nell’UE. Pur avendo avuto un impatto negativo sui servizi sociali, la pandemia ha tuttavia offerto...

16 Agosto 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    This country study gives an overview of labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in Spain. The main topics discussed are the context in which labour market measures in community care are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in France. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Austria. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policies in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in Portugal. The main topics discussed are the context in which community-based care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Germany. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for disabled adults in Bulgaria. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new employees

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in the United Kingdom (UK). The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding

    10 September 2013

    As Europe’s population ages, the number of adults needing long-term care is increasing. There are, however, persistent labour shortages in the health and social care sector; well-qualified staff are particularly lacking. At a time when unemployment across much of Europe is high, this study considers

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in the Netherlands. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Denmark. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    Online resources results (54)
    In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty and social exclusion in Europe, what Member States have committed to doing about it, what the implicatio
    1 Maggio 2024

    Finland: Major reform to healthcare and social services underway

    The Finnish government is preparing a major reform to health, social services and regional government which will make regional governments a new level of public administration. Healthcare and social services and public employment services will be transferred from local governments to regional

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.

    Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Restrictions on extended working hours and tax reforms in the healthcare sector, strike action by family doctors, and social partner discussions on the national minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

    Austria: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    A new minimum wage of €1,500, the breakdown of negotiations on working time flexibility, a record low of occupational accidents and difficult working conditions in the health sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

    Spain: Agreement to reduce temporary employment in public administration

    Approximately 250,000 temporary employment positions in Spain’s public administration will become permanent in the next three years, after an agreement on the issue was reached by the Spanish Ministry of Finance and Public Function and the major Spanish unions representing public employees. The

    Estonia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

    Sectoral collective bargaining in the healthcare sector, changes to the dispute resolution mechanism and equal treatment for men and women in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the first

    Sweden: Government scraps contested labour market reforms

    Sweden’s coalition government has reversed changes to the welfare system made by the previous centre-right government. It has removed a cut-off point of 2.5 years for claiming sickness benefit and scrapped a scheme for mandatory workplace activities for the unemployed. The decision to reverse rather


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Ottobre 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 Maggio 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Gennaio 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Dicembre 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Maggio 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 Febbraio 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Novembre 2023
    Reference period:
    24 Ottobre 2023
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