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Servicios públicos

Servicios públicos como la sanidad, la educación, la asistencia social y el transporte son esenciales para lograr unos niveles elevados de protección, cohesión e integración sociales. Sin embargo, son la calidad de los servicios y el acceso a estos los que determinan su éxito en un panorama social y demográfico cambiante.

El reto para los responsables de la formulación de políticas consiste en garantizar el diseño y la prestación de los servicios sanitarios y sociales que satisfagan las distintas necesidades de los ciudadanos. Dicho reto se ha agravado por las severas restricciones financieras en los últimos años, y por una demanda creciente, impulsada en parte por el envejecimiento demográfico y, en cierta medida, por la llegada de refugiados a Europa. Además de la asequibilidad y la calidad, se plantean nuevas dificultades, entre las que figura el riesgo de que los nuevos canales digitales para la provisión de servicio puedan aislar a comunidades ya desfavorecidas, y las posibles dificultades para garantizar los estándares pertinentes en el acceso a los servicios y la calidad de estos.

El Conjunto de medidas sobre inversión social de la Comisión Europea, presentado en 2013, insta a los Estados miembros a otorgar mayor prioridad a la consecución de unos servicios públicos de calidad elevada. Por otra parte, en la Estrategia relativa a un Mercado Único Digital para Europa, adoptada en 2015, se hace hincapié en la modernización de los servicios públicos como medio para impulsar la competitividad. La asunción de nuevas tecnologías, los servicios públicos en línea y la interoperabilidad transfronteriza son factores esenciales para elevar la eficiencia en relación con los costes y la calidad de los servicios. En abril de 2017, la Comisión puso en marcha el paquete de medidas del Pilar europeo de los derechos sociales, que comprende entre sus principios fundamentales el acceso a una educación de buena calidad, la educación y los cuidados de la primera infancia, la asistencia sanitaria, la vivienda social y otros servicios esenciales.

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Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...
Podcast
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

Web page

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Eurofound examina las necesidades de los ciudadanos en general, prestando especial atención a los jóvenes, las personas de edad avanzada, los que adolecen de problemas de salud física o mental, y los que tienen un origen migrante. Sigue y analiza los cambios en los servicios públicos causados por las restricciones presupuestarias, las modificaciones en las políticas y los avances en la tecnología y la digitalización. Mediante los estudios de caso pormenorizados, en la investigación de Eurofound sobre los servicios públicos se examinan además las perspectivas de los proveedores de servicios y su respuesta a la transformación en las necesidades de los usuarios.

Aportaciones fundamentales

En el análisis de la Encuesta europea sobre calidad de vida (EQLS) de Eurofound se examina el impacto de la crisis en la sociedad europea, y el modo en que los europeos perciben la calidad de sus sociedades y de sus servicios públicos. En los estudios pormenorizados se abordan varios temas esenciales, entre los que se cuenta el efecto de la crisis económica y las reformas del estado del bienestar en los niveles de vida y en la calidad de la sociedad.

En particular, utilizando los datos de la EQLS, los estudios se han centrado en las desigualdades sociales en cuatro ámbitos fundamentales de la vida: la salud, el nivel de vida, las actividades productivas y valoradas, y la vida individual, familiar y social. Las familias también han sido un objeto primordial del análisis, y se ha considerado la diversa calidad de vida en la UE para diferentes tipos de familias con hijos, comparando sus niveles de vida y su situación social. 

Otras áreas de interés han sido los costes sociales y económicos y las consecuencias de las deficiencias en el terreno de la vivienda, así como el auge de la prestación privada de servicios hospitalarios en toda Europa. También ha sido objeto de debate el impacto de la creciente afluencia de «ciudadanos móviles» en los servicios públicos de los Estados miembros de la UE.

Las medidas de apoyo a la integración social de los jóvenes y la experiencia de ejecución de la Garantía Juvenil han sido asuntos importantes para Eurofound. Por otro lado, el acceso a los servicios de educación y cuidados de la primera infancia, y la calidad de estos, han adquirido una relevancia creciente en el debate sobre políticas de la UE, y han sido objeto además de diversos estudios de Eurofound.

Utilizando los datos de la cuarta EQLS, llevada a cabo en 2016, en las investigaciones de Eurofound se examinará lo bien que satisfacen los servicios públicos las necesidades de los distintos grupos sociales, con el fin de asistir a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la provisión de unos servicios sociales adecuados y apropiados. Eurofound abordará la repercusión de la digitalización más allá de límites sociales y geográficos, examinando el modo en que las nuevas tecnologías pueden facilitar el diseño y la prestación de los servicios sanitarios y sociales.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    This country study gives an overview of labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in Spain. The main topics discussed are the context in which labour market measures in community care are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in France. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Austria. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policies in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in Portugal. The main topics discussed are the context in which community-based care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Germany. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for disabled adults in Bulgaria. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new employees

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities and chronic health problems in the United Kingdom (UK). The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding

    10 September 2013

    As Europe’s population ages, the number of adults needing long-term care is increasing. There are, however, persistent labour shortages in the health and social care sector; well-qualified staff are particularly lacking. At a time when unemployment across much of Europe is high, this study considers

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in the Netherlands. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to

    10 September 2013

    This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Denmark. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

    10 September 2013

    Online resources results (54)
    In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty and social exclusion in Europe, what Member States have committed to doing about it, what the implicatio
    1 Mayo 2024

    Finland: Major reform to healthcare and social services underway

    The Finnish government is preparing a major reform to health, social services and regional government which will make regional governments a new level of public administration. Healthcare and social services and public employment services will be transferred from local governments to regional

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.

    Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Restrictions on extended working hours and tax reforms in the healthcare sector, strike action by family doctors, and social partner discussions on the national minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

    Austria: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    A new minimum wage of €1,500, the breakdown of negotiations on working time flexibility, a record low of occupational accidents and difficult working conditions in the health sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

    Spain: Agreement to reduce temporary employment in public administration

    Approximately 250,000 temporary employment positions in Spain’s public administration will become permanent in the next three years, after an agreement on the issue was reached by the Spanish Ministry of Finance and Public Function and the major Spanish unions representing public employees. The

    Estonia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

    Sectoral collective bargaining in the healthcare sector, changes to the dispute resolution mechanism and equal treatment for men and women in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the first

    Sweden: Government scraps contested labour market reforms

    Sweden’s coalition government has reversed changes to the welfare system made by the previous centre-right government. It has removed a cut-off point of 2.5 years for claiming sickness benefit and scrapped a scheme for mandatory workplace activities for the unemployed. The decision to reverse rather


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Octubre 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 Mayo 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Enero 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Diciembre 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Mayo 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 Febrero 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Noviembre 2023
    Reference period:
    24 Octubre 2023
    Reference period:

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