Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
employment_structure.jpg

Employment structure

The employment structure reflects the change in employment across occupations and sectors, using various proxies of job quality. The current debate about shifts in the employment structure is focused on the extent to which observed patterns of job polarisation and upgrading have contributed to wage inequality trends and on Europe's shrinking middle class.

Topic

Recent updates

restructuring-events.png

Since 2002, the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) has been monitoring the employment impact of large-scale restructuring events in Europe and covers the 27 EU Member States plus Norway.

Web page

Eurofound research

Eurofound’s European Jobs Monitor (EJM) analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU, covering all Member States.

Key outputs

ejm-2.jpg

The European Jobs Monitor (EJM) tracks structural change in European labour markets. It analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives...

Data Item

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
caros-vacas-2023.png

Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
martina-bisello-2023.png

​Martina Bisello is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. Her research interests include gender gaps in the labour market, occupational change and the impact of...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (94)

Tā kā ekonomika no Covid-19 pandēmijas sāk atgūties, darbaspēka trūkums kļūst arvien acīmredzamāks, pat neraugoties uz Ukrainas kara ietekmi uz enerģijas un izejvielu cenām. Ietekmējošo faktoru vidū ir darbaspēka trūkums, ko krīze ir saasinājusi dažās nozarēs un profesijās, kurās tas jau kādu laiku

28 March 2023

Eiropas darba tirgi ir lielā mērā atguvušies no Covid-19. Līdz 2021. gada beigām nedaudz vairāk kā 18 mēnešus pēc pandēmijas sākuma nodarbinātības līmenis ES bija gandrīz pirmskrīzes līmenī. Šajā ziņojumā ir apkopotas norises darba tirgū 2020. un 2021. gadā, izmantojot ES darbaspēka apsekojuma

20 October 2022

Covid-19 pandēmija ir izgaismojusi nelīdztiesību daudzās Eiropas sabiedrības dimensijās, tostarp nevienlīdzību starp sievietēm un vīriešiem vairākās svarīgās jomās. Šajā ziņojumā aplūkota dzimumu nelīdztiesība, kas pastāvēja pirms Covid-19 krīzes, un aprakstīts, kādā veidā pandēmija ir ietekmējusi

13 October 2022

Tehnoloģiskās pārmaiņas paātrinās, jo palielinās elektronisko ierīču spēja digitāli uzglabāt, apstrādāt un paziņot informāciju. Digitalizācija pārveido ES ekonomiku un darba tirgus — gandrīz viena trešdaļa ES darbvietu ir klasificētas kā ļoti digitalizētas. Kā digitālā revolūcija ietekmē

15 December 2021

Viena no pārsteidzošākajām norisēm pēdējos 50 gados ir bijis ārkārtīgais sieviešu īpatsvara pieaugums darba tirgū. Divas trešdaļas no pēdējās divās desmitgadēs ES izveidoto darbvietu neto skaita aizņem sievietes. Tai pašā laikā sabiedrības novecošanas un politisko pārmaiņu radītais krasais vecāku

14 December 2021

Despite the increasing participation of women in the labour market and a higher share of women than men being hired into well-paid jobs in recent years, a gender pay gap exists across all EU Member States. Pay differentials between women and men have been shown to be significantly influenced by the

14 December 2021

Covid-19 pandēmija 2020. gadā slēdza vai ierobežoja daudzas saimnieciskās darbības ar tālejošu ietekmi uz darba tirgu. Nodarbinātības samazināšanās pandēmijas sākumā bija straujāka nekā globālās finanšu krīzes laikā. Vēl vairāk nostrādāto stundu skaits samazinājās valsts atbalstītās darbinieku

19 October 2021

While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner

20 July 2021

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective

05 November 2020

What have been the major trends and policy developments regarding the flexibilisation of employment in recent years? Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020 set out to document and capture these changes in the world of work. This flagship publication provides an overview of developments in Europe

16 April 2020

Online resources results (2)

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first

Blogs results (12)
ef21082.png

Following the declines in employment rates and working hours across Europe in 2020, economies began to show signs of recovery during the first quarter of 2021. The gradual rekindling of economic activity has led to a surge in demand for workers and reawakened concerns over labour shortages

20 Jūlijs 2021
ef21063.png

The employment fallout of COVID-19 has been a story of two types of service work. Office-based knowledge workers have largely kept their jobs and incomes while participating in the huge and apparently successful ad hoc social experiment in working from home. Client-facing service workers have borne

2 Februāris 2021
image_1_blog_good_jobs_29102019.png

Economic disparities have been decreasing between EU member states over the past decade, but at the same time inequality has been growing within member states. Despite national level convergence, the gap in wealth and income between the rich and the poor is growing in most of Europe. Some of this

29 Oktobris 2019
image_1_blog_fome_final_report_09042019.png

Over the past four years a special project delegated to Eurofound has looked in detail at ongoing changes in manufacturing on a global scale, analysed how the industry will change further in the future, and assessed what the impacts will be for Europe. Looking at everything from changes in tasks for

9 Aprīlis 2019
image_for_blog_article_27092018.jpg

Manual jobs in European manufacturing are being transformed as blue-collar workers take on more intellectual tasks. This is a consequence of the increasing use of digital tools and the growing importance of quality control in production. The severe losses of middle-paying jobs in the manufacturing

27 Septembris 2018
ef1714_-_cover_image.jpg

The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 Augusts 2017
employment_shifts.jpg

The EU has finally recovered all the net employment losses sustained since the global financial crisis. It has been a long and painful process. But there is at last growing evidence of positive momentum in EU labour markets, if not quite ‘animal spirits’. Many of those member states most affected by

26 Jūlijs 2017
eoyrap65dz5heuqbikrg.jpg

The Great Recession depressed real income levels across European countries. But the impact was very unequal across countries and income groups. Countries in the European periphery have been more affected than those in the core, halting the process of income convergence between European countries

23 Jūnijs 2017
jov8sv3dz5pxlfx7hgwf.png

EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 Marts 2017
wu2pr4cbpgxdzduf77jt.jpg

One of the common values that unites the European Union is that of equal opportunities: all citizens should have the same possibility to improve their lives and participate in the labour market regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Ensuring equal opportunities in finding


Upcoming publications results (2)

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic shock in 2020–2021 much faster than after the global financial crisis (2008–2010). This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. This report summarises structural developments in Europea

March 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Eurofound research paper

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.

To verify you're human, please enter the result of this calculation: 20 + 5.