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Publiskie pakalpojumi

Publiskajiem pakalpojumiem, piemēram, veselības, izglītības, sociālās aprūpes un transporta pakalpojumiem, ir svarīga nozīme augsta sociālās aizsardzības, sociālās kohēzijas un sociālās iekļaušanas līmeņa sasniegšanā. Bet šo pakalpojumu sekmīgu darbību mainīgā sociālā un demogrāfiskā vidē nosaka to kvalitāte un pieejamība.

Politikas veidotāju uzdevums ir nodrošināt tādu veselības un sociālo pakalpojumu izstrādi un īstenošanu, kas atbilstu dažādām iedzīvotāju vajadzībām. Šā uzdevuma izpildi pēdējos gados ir apgrūtinājuši stingri finansiāli ierobežojumi un augošs pieprasījums, kas daļēji ir skaidrojams ar sabiedrības novecošanu un daļēji ar bēgļu pieplūdumu Eiropā. Papildus finansiālajai pieejamībai un kvalitātei rodas arī jaunas problēmas. Pie tām pieder risks, ka jauni digitāli pakalpojumu sniegšanas kanāli varētu izolēt jau tā nelabvēlīgā situācijā esošas sabiedrības grupas, un potenciālas grūtības nodrošināt pakalpojumu pieejamības un kvalitātes standartus.

Komisijas 2013. gadā pieņemtajā Sociālo ieguldījumu paketē dalībvalstis ir aicinātas pievērst lielāku uzmanību publisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei. Komisijas 2015. gadā pieņemtajā digitālā vienotā tirgus stratēģijā Eiropai ir likts uzsvars uz publisko pakalpojumu modernizāciju kā konkurētspējas paaugstināšanas iespēju. Saistībā ar jauno tehnoloģiju izmantošanu tiešsaistes publiskajiem pakalpojumiem un pārrobežu sadarbspējai ir ļoti svarīga nozīme izmaksu efektivitātes un pakalpojumu kvalitātes uzlabošanā. Komisija 2017. gada aprīlī publicēja Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlāra paketi, kurā starp galvenajiem principiem ir minēta kvalitatīvas izglītības, agrīnās pirmsskolas izglītības un aprūpes, veselības aprūpes, sociālo mājokļu un citu pamatpakalpojumu pieejamība.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...
Podcast
Group of children eating healthy food in day care centre © Oksana Kuzmina/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support access to healthy nutrition and at least one healthy meal each school day.

Web page
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

Web page

EU context

Eurofound darbs

Eurofound pēta iedzīvotāju vajadzības kopumā, pievēršot īpašu uzmanību jauniešiem, veciem cilvēkiem, cilvēkiem ar fiziskās vai garīgās veselības problēmām un migrantu izcelsmes personām. Tas uzrauga un analizē publisko pakalpojumu izmaiņas, kuru iemesls ir budžeta ierobežojumi, izmaiņas politikā un tehnoloģiju un digitalizācijas attīstība. Veicot padziļinātu gadījumu izpēti, Eurofound publisko pakalpojumu pētījumos tiek analizēti arī pakalpojumu sniedzēju viedokļi un viņu reakcija uz mainīgām lietotāju vajadzībām.

Svarīgākais ieguldījums

Eurofound Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojuma (EQLS) rezultātu analīzē tiek izvērtēta krīzes ietekme uz Eiropas sabiedrību un Eiropas iedzīvotāju uztvere par sabiedrības un publisko pakalpojumu kvalitāti. Padziļinātos pētījumos aģentūra pievēršas vairākām svarīgām tēmām, tostarp ekonomikas krīzes un sociālās drošības sistēmu reformu ietekmei uz dzīves līmeni un sabiedrības kvalitāti.

Izmantojot EQLS datus, pētījumos ir analizēta sociālā nevienlīdzība četrās būtiskās dzīves jomās, un tās ir veselība, dzīves līmenis, produktīvas un vērtīgas darbības un individuālā, ģimenes un sociālā dzīve. Arī ģimenes ir bijušas analīzes centrā, pievēršoties dažādu tipu ģimeņu ar bērniem mainīgajai dzīves kvalitātei ES un salīdzinot to dzīves līmeni un sociālo stāvokli. 

Citas interešu jomas ir bijušas sliktu mājokļu apstākļu sociālās un ekonomiskās izmaksas un sekas, kā arī privātu slimnīcu pakalpojumu pieaugums Eiropā. Apspriesta arī mobilo pilsoņu pieplūduma radītā ietekme uz ES dalībvalstu publiskajiem pakalpojumiem.

Svarīgi Eurofound pētījumu temati ir bijuši pasākumi jauniešu sociālās iekļaušanas atbalstam un ar Garantijas jauniešiem īstenošanu saistītā pieredze. Eurofound pētījumu uzmanības centrā ir bijusi arī agrīnās pirmsskolas izglītības un aprūpes pakalpojumu pieejamība un šo pakalpojumu kvalitāte, proti, jautājums, kas ES politikas debatēs pēdējā laikā ir guvis lielāku ievērību.

Izmantojot 2016. gadā veiktajā ceturtajā EQLS iegūtos datus, Eurofound pētījumos tiks analizēts, kādā mērā publiskie pakalpojumi apmierina sociālo grupu vajadzības, lai palīdzētu politikas veidotājiem nodrošināt atbilstošus un piemērotus sociālos pakalpojumus. Eurofound pievērsīsies digitalizācijas ietekmei, kas sniedzas pāri sociālajām un ģeogrāfiskajām robežām, analizējot, kā ar jaunajām tehnoloģijām ir iespējams atbalstīt veselības un sociālo pakalpojumu izstrādi un īstenošanu.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

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The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in...

21 Septembris 2023
Publication
Policy brief
Front cover for Eurofound's publication entitled 'Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality'

Šajā ziņojumā ir aplūkota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz sociālajiem pakalpojumiem Eiropas Savienībā. Lai gan pandēmija negatīvi ietekmēja sociālos pakalpojumus, no tās tomēr tika gūta mācība par to pielāgošanu, reaģējot uz...

16 Augusts 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    This is a report of a conference held in Helsinki 2–3 October 2006, organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES) and the Finnish Institute of Occupational

    22 January 2007

    Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

    09 November 2006

    In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

    28 July 2006

    Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

    26 July 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    02 July 2006

    In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

    28 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    18 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    18 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    11 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    11 June 2006

    Online resources results (54)

    Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

    The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

    National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

    The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

    Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

    During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

    New collective agreements signed in public services

    In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

    The trade unionist of the 1990s?

    The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

    Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

    The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes

    Substantial wage increases and a new bargaining situation for the medical profession

    As a result of the 1996 wage settlement, medical physicians employed at Norwegian hospitals gained substantial wage increases. These increases can in part be explained by an increase in basic wages, and in part by prolonging weekly working hours through permitting more overtime and at the same time

    Hospital administration and working conditions reform proposed

    A public debate has begun in Portugal about the privatisation of public hospitals. Medical, paramedical and nursing unions have reacted largely negatively to proposed changes in the regulation of industrial relations, employment contracts and working conditions, and strikes were due in August

    Continuity and change in pay and working time

    One of the most significant transformations of British industrial relations in recent years has been the shift from national to enterprise-level bargaining. Multi-employer bargaining arrangements have tended to be replaced with multi-establishment, single employer bargaining, although there are also

    Strikes in the hospital sector

    The law on social welfare, adopted in November 1995, included provisions on a range of matters, such as: the submission of the social security budget to parliamentary vote; the setting up of a new tax known as "social security deficit clearance" (Remboursement de la dette sociale); the abolition of


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Oktobris 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 Maijs 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Janvāris 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Decembris 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Maijs 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 Februāris 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Novembris 2023
    Reference period:
    24 Oktobris 2023
    Reference period:

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