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Publiskie pakalpojumi

Publiskajiem pakalpojumiem, piemēram, veselības, izglītības, sociālās aprūpes un transporta pakalpojumiem, ir svarīga nozīme augsta sociālās aizsardzības, sociālās kohēzijas un sociālās iekļaušanas līmeņa sasniegšanā. Bet šo pakalpojumu sekmīgu darbību mainīgā sociālā un demogrāfiskā vidē nosaka to kvalitāte un pieejamība.

Politikas veidotāju uzdevums ir nodrošināt tādu veselības un sociālo pakalpojumu izstrādi un īstenošanu, kas atbilstu dažādām iedzīvotāju vajadzībām. Šā uzdevuma izpildi pēdējos gados ir apgrūtinājuši stingri finansiāli ierobežojumi un augošs pieprasījums, kas daļēji ir skaidrojams ar sabiedrības novecošanu un daļēji ar bēgļu pieplūdumu Eiropā. Papildus finansiālajai pieejamībai un kvalitātei rodas arī jaunas problēmas. Pie tām pieder risks, ka jauni digitāli pakalpojumu sniegšanas kanāli varētu izolēt jau tā nelabvēlīgā situācijā esošas sabiedrības grupas, un potenciālas grūtības nodrošināt pakalpojumu pieejamības un kvalitātes standartus.

Komisijas 2013. gadā pieņemtajā Sociālo ieguldījumu paketē dalībvalstis ir aicinātas pievērst lielāku uzmanību publisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei. Komisijas 2015. gadā pieņemtajā digitālā vienotā tirgus stratēģijā Eiropai ir likts uzsvars uz publisko pakalpojumu modernizāciju kā konkurētspējas paaugstināšanas iespēju. Saistībā ar jauno tehnoloģiju izmantošanu tiešsaistes publiskajiem pakalpojumiem un pārrobežu sadarbspējai ir ļoti svarīga nozīme izmaksu efektivitātes un pakalpojumu kvalitātes uzlabošanā. Komisija 2017. gada aprīlī publicēja Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlāra paketi, kurā starp galvenajiem principiem ir minēta kvalitatīvas izglītības, agrīnās pirmsskolas izglītības un aprūpes, veselības aprūpes, sociālo mājokļu un citu pamatpakalpojumu pieejamība.

Topic

Recent updates

Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

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Child with parent visiting doctor © pressmaster/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective and free access to quality healthcare for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

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EU context

Eurofound darbs

Eurofound pēta iedzīvotāju vajadzības kopumā, pievēršot īpašu uzmanību jauniešiem, veciem cilvēkiem, cilvēkiem ar fiziskās vai garīgās veselības problēmām un migrantu izcelsmes personām. Tas uzrauga un analizē publisko pakalpojumu izmaiņas, kuru iemesls ir budžeta ierobežojumi, izmaiņas politikā un tehnoloģiju un digitalizācijas attīstība. Veicot padziļinātu gadījumu izpēti, Eurofound publisko pakalpojumu pētījumos tiek analizēti arī pakalpojumu sniedzēju viedokļi un viņu reakcija uz mainīgām lietotāju vajadzībām.

Svarīgākais ieguldījums

Eurofound Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojuma (EQLS) rezultātu analīzē tiek izvērtēta krīzes ietekme uz Eiropas sabiedrību un Eiropas iedzīvotāju uztvere par sabiedrības un publisko pakalpojumu kvalitāti. Padziļinātos pētījumos aģentūra pievēršas vairākām svarīgām tēmām, tostarp ekonomikas krīzes un sociālās drošības sistēmu reformu ietekmei uz dzīves līmeni un sabiedrības kvalitāti.

Izmantojot EQLS datus, pētījumos ir analizēta sociālā nevienlīdzība četrās būtiskās dzīves jomās, un tās ir veselība, dzīves līmenis, produktīvas un vērtīgas darbības un individuālā, ģimenes un sociālā dzīve. Arī ģimenes ir bijušas analīzes centrā, pievēršoties dažādu tipu ģimeņu ar bērniem mainīgajai dzīves kvalitātei ES un salīdzinot to dzīves līmeni un sociālo stāvokli. 

Citas interešu jomas ir bijušas sliktu mājokļu apstākļu sociālās un ekonomiskās izmaksas un sekas, kā arī privātu slimnīcu pakalpojumu pieaugums Eiropā. Apspriesta arī mobilo pilsoņu pieplūduma radītā ietekme uz ES dalībvalstu publiskajiem pakalpojumiem.

Svarīgi Eurofound pētījumu temati ir bijuši pasākumi jauniešu sociālās iekļaušanas atbalstam un ar Garantijas jauniešiem īstenošanu saistītā pieredze. Eurofound pētījumu uzmanības centrā ir bijusi arī agrīnās pirmsskolas izglītības un aprūpes pakalpojumu pieejamība un šo pakalpojumu kvalitāte, proti, jautājums, kas ES politikas debatēs pēdējā laikā ir guvis lielāku ievērību.

Izmantojot 2016. gadā veiktajā ceturtajā EQLS iegūtos datus, Eurofound pētījumos tiks analizēts, kādā mērā publiskie pakalpojumi apmierina sociālo grupu vajadzības, lai palīdzētu politikas veidotājiem nodrošināt atbilstošus un piemērotus sociālos pakalpojumus. Eurofound pievērsīsies digitalizācijas ietekmei, kas sniedzas pāri sociālajām un ģeogrāfiskajām robežām, analizējot, kā ar jaunajām tehnoloģijām ir iespējams atbalstīt veselības un sociālo pakalpojumu izstrādi un īstenošanu.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

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The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in...

21 Septembris 2023
Publication
Policy brief
Front cover for Eurofound's publication entitled 'Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality'

Šajā ziņojumā ir aplūkota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz sociālajiem pakalpojumiem Eiropas Savienībā. Lai gan pandēmija negatīvi ietekmēja sociālos pakalpojumus, no tās tomēr tika gūta mācība par to pielāgošanu, reaģējot uz...

16 Augusts 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

    hans-dubois-2023.png

    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

    18 October 2023

    The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing.

    21 September 2023

    Šajā ziņojumā ir aplūkota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz sociālajiem pakalpojumiem Eiropas Savienībā. Lai gan pandēmija negatīvi ietekmēja sociālos pakalpojumus, no tās tomēr tika gūta mācība par to pielāgošanu, reaģējot uz jaunām problēmām un sociālajiem riskiem. Piemēram, viena no mācībām ir politikas

    16 August 2023

    In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

    07 September 2022

    A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in

    21 March 2022

    Šajā ziņojumā ir atspoguļota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz vecāka gadagājuma pilsoņu dzīves kvalitāti, tostarp ietekme uz viņu labklājību, finansēm, nodarbinātību un sociālo iekļaušanu. Tajā tiek pētīta ietekme uz aprūpes pakalpojumu izmantošanu un vecāka gadagājuma cilvēku atkarību no cita veida

    28 January 2022

    The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and

    30 September 2021

    Šajā ziņojumā izvērtētas tās politikas norises ES dalībvalstīs, kuru mērķis ir atbalstīt personu ar invaliditāti iekļaušanu atvērtajā darba tirgū, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot trim posmiem — nodarbinātības uzsākšana, palikšana darbā un atgriešanās darbā pēc prombūtnes. Tajā ir izpētīti vairāk nekā 150

    19 April 2021

    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the accessibility of health, education and care services for all Europeans. This is also the case for children, who in several countries have seen their schools closed and replaced with remote learning. They have been affected, too, by the pandemic

    28 January 2021

    The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

    14 December 2020

    Online resources results (53)

    Finland: Major reform to healthcare and social services underway

    The Finnish government is preparing a major reform to health, social services and regional government which will make regional governments a new level of public administration. Healthcare and social services and public employment services will be transferred from local governments to regional

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.

    Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Restrictions on extended working hours and tax reforms in the healthcare sector, strike action by family doctors, and social partner discussions on the national minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

    Austria: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    A new minimum wage of €1,500, the breakdown of negotiations on working time flexibility, a record low of occupational accidents and difficult working conditions in the health sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

    Spain: Agreement to reduce temporary employment in public administration

    Approximately 250,000 temporary employment positions in Spain’s public administration will become permanent in the next three years, after an agreement on the issue was reached by the Spanish Ministry of Finance and Public Function and the major Spanish unions representing public employees. The

    Estonia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

    Sectoral collective bargaining in the healthcare sector, changes to the dispute resolution mechanism and equal treatment for men and women in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the first

    Sweden: Government scraps contested labour market reforms

    Sweden’s coalition government has reversed changes to the welfare system made by the previous centre-right government. It has removed a cut-off point of 2.5 years for claiming sickness benefit and scrapped a scheme for mandatory workplace activities for the unemployed. The decision to reverse rather

    France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

    In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Oktobris 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 Maijs 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Janvāris 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Decembris 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Maijs 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 Februāris 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Novembris 2023
    Reference period:
    24 Oktobris 2023
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