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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktober 2023
Publication
Research report
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The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes...

14 oktober 2021
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Jorge Cabrita is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit. He is responsible for formulating, coordinating and managing European-wide research, and promoting the...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (14)

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes, on approaches to teleworking for those able to work from home and on regulations to ensure the safe provision

14 October 2021

This biennial review charts developments in a range of working time issues in the EU and Norway in 2017–2018. It finds that while the average collectively agreed working week across the EU remains unchanged since 2016 – at 38 hours – there was a slight decrease in the past two years in the 15 Member

03 October 2019

In the context of ongoing negotiations at EU level on adopting a work–life balance package for families and caregivers, Eurofound was requested by the European Commission to provide an update of the available data regarding paternity and parental leave for fathers. This report presents the currently

07 February 2019

This report examines the main trends and milestones characterising the evolution of the most important aspects of collectively agreed working time in the European Union during the first decade of the 21st century. Drawing primarily on information collected by Eurofound across all EU Member States

01 March 2016

The Commission has decided to withdraw its draft Maternity Leave Directive, which has been stuck in the legislative process since 2008. This article describes key developments and explores some of the contradictions that were predicted in the Commission’s 2015 Work Programme and the Better

14 July 2015

The Maternity Leave Directive (92/85/EEC) is concerned with improvements in the safety and health at work of women who are pregnant, have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding. This report finds that nearly all Member States comply with the directive’s provision of granting at least two

13 July 2015

The European Working Time Directive lays down minimum safety and health requirements for the organisation of working time in the EU by, for example, establishing that all workers have the right to a limit to weekly working time of 48 hours.

12 June 2015

The take-up rate of parental and paternity leave among fathers has been increasing in most Member States but it still remains relatively low. Covering all the EU Member States and Norway, this report looks at the most recent trends in terms of take-up of parental and paternity leave, existing

25 February 2015

This article presents some of the key developments and research findings on health and well-being in workplaces in the EU during the second quarter of 2014. The new strategic framework on health and safety, work–life balance, patterns of sick leave and initiatives to combat violence and harassment

18 February 2015

Online resources results (102)

Rehabilitation reform proposed

In June 1999, the Swedish government appointed a commissioner to analyse the issue of the rehabilitation of workers who have become incapacitated - Gerhard Larsson, the former head of Samlhall, a governmental rehabilitation organisation (SE9907177N [1]). On 30 August 2000, Mr Larrson presented his

Public committee proposes controversial changes to sick pay scheme

The public committee considering changes to the present sick pay and disability pensions schemes, led by the former Labour Party (Det Norske Arbeiderpartiet, DNA) minister, Mats Sandman, delivered its report on 15 September 2000. The main rationale behind the establishment in 1999 of the so-called

Government considers improvements in parental leave rights

A cross-departmental group of government ministers is currently undertaking a review of maternity pay and parental leave provision. The review was originally announced by the chancellor of the exchequer in the March 2000 budget statement (UK0004165N [1]), and its terms of reference were published on

Managing the work-life balance

The Irish social and economic context has changed considerably in recent years. In particular, while the Irish economy was burdened with mass unemployment and poor performance during the 1980s, there has since been very strong economic growth. The expansion of the economy has resulted in continual

New provisions on parental leave and childcare payments

On 7 July 2000, the German parliament (Bundestag), with the support of the "Red-Green" coalition government, adopted a revision of the Federal Childcare Payment and Parental Leave Act [1] (Bundeserziehungsgeldgesetz, BErzGG) which contains new provisions on parental leave and childcare payments. The

Controversy over sick leave

In June 2000, the Spanish government decided to authorise the semi-public mutual insurance societies to take the decision on whether to grant employees sick leave for common illnesses, which was up to now the exclusive responsibility of the public health system. The trade unions have expressed their

White-collar workers' unions report increased stress and ill-health

Nine out of 10 white-collar workers say that they work against the clock in their daily tasks; 40% often skip their lunch break and other breaks due to lack of time; and 65% do not have time enough to finish their tasks properly. These are among the findings of a report - entitled /Stressed out

LO and NHO agree revised proposal for private sector collective agreement

On Tuesday 9 May 2000, the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge, LO) and the Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry (Næringslivets Hovedorganisasjon, NHO) agreed on a revised proposal for a new collective agreement in the private sector, ending six days of

Six out of eight unions sign agreement for state-owned hospitals

On 14 March 2000, six trade unions, (CFDT, CFE-CGC, CFTC, CGT-FO, UNSA and SNCH) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry for Employment and Solidarity, which provides for extra funding of FRF 10 billion for France's state-owned hospitals over three years, of which FRF 3.8 billion in

Increased holidays a central demand in spring 2000 bargaining round

February 2000 saw several Norwegian trade union confederations adopting their demands for the pay settlements due in spring 2000 (NO0002176N [1]). Detailed lists of demands will not be made available until negotiations between the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge


Blogs results (1)
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Few events challenge the equilibrium between work and life like the arrival of a child. As gender roles continue to change in Europe, supporting the uptake of paternity and parental leave among fathers is fundamental, not just to close the ‘caring gap’ between men and women, but also to provide the

11 oktober 2018

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