Hoppa till huvudinnehåll
shutterstock_senior_architect.jpg

Åldrande arbetskraft

Europas åldrande befolkning innebär en mängd utmaningar för politikerna gällande sysselsättning, arbetsvillkor, levnadsstandard och välfärd. Detta har skapat oro över pensionssystemens hållbarhet och tillhandahållandet av arbetskraft. Att främja sysselsättningsmöjligheter för en åldrande arbetskraft kräver att man tänker i nya banor på företagsnivå, nationell nivå och på EU-nivå.

Topic

Recent updates

hu_eu-flags-sm.png

From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Trots betydande tillväxt i fråga om andelen äldre arbetstagare med sysselsättning under det senaste årtiondet i många EU-länder påpekas det i kommissionen gemensamma sysselsättningsrapport från 2017 att det finns potential att öka dessa andelar ytterligare. Under 2016 var sysselsättningsgraden hos äldre arbetstagare i åldern 55–64 i EU 55,3 procent jämfört med 66,6 procent för dem i åldern 15–64 som en helhet. Denna ökning har varit störst bland äldre kvinnor.

Den europeiska pelaren för sociala rättigheter erbjuder en ram för att hjälpa arbetsmarknaderna att anpassa sig efter nya utmaningar samtidigt som man främjar rättvisa och solidaritet mellan generationerna. I pelaren framhålls rätten till en arbetsmiljö som är anpassad efter arbetstagarens yrkesmässiga behov för att göra det möjligt för honom eller henne att förlänga sitt deltagande på arbetsmarknaden. I det nyligen överenskomna fristående avtalet mellan Europas arbetsmarknadsparter om aktivt åldrande och en generationsöverskridande strategi åtar sig parterna att göra det lättare för äldre arbetstagare att delta aktivt och stanna kvar längre på arbetsmarknaden.

Eurofounds arbete

Eurofound har sedan länge expertis i frågor som rör den åldrande arbetskraften. Sedan 1990 har forskningen varit inriktad på arbetsmarknadsdeltagande, arbetsförmåga, arbetsvillkor och arbetspreferenser bland äldre arbetstagare mot den politiska bakgrund som utgörs av Europas skiftande demografiska profil. Arbetet har också fokuserat på statligt stöd och initiativ på företagsnivå som främjar sysselsättningen bland äldre arbetstagare. Man har tittat på äldre kvinnliga arbetstagare och belyst de ökande sysselsättningstalen för denna grupp och deras ökande andel av arbetskraften, särskilt i åldersgruppen 55–64.

Data från undersökningar

Eurofounds större undersökningar tillhandahåller en mängd data om situationen bland äldre arbetstagare. I den sjätte europeiska undersökningen om arbetsvillkor (EWCS) tittar man på hur äldre arbetstagare skattar olika aspekter av kvalitet i arbetet. Trots att det är mindre sannolikt att äldre arbetstagare blir arbetslösa än yngre visar uppgifterna att äldre arbetstagare känner att om de blir av med sitt arbete så skulle de inte hitta ett nytt arbete med samma lön, och skulle till och med ha svårt att ta sig in på arbetsmarknaden igen.

En studie som baseras på Eurofounds femte europeiska undersökning om arbetsvillkor (EWCS) tittar på kännetecknen för den äldre arbetskraften och för arbete i olika åldrar, liksom på faktorer som gör arbetet hållbart för en åldrande arbetskraft: bra arbetsvillkor, fysiskt och psykiskt välmående samt balans mellan arbetslivet och privatlivet.

Eurofounds undersökning om livskvaliteten i Europa (EQLS) erbjuder åldersrelaterade uppgifter med avseende på olika aspekter av livskvalitet i Europa. En analys av arbetspreferenserna efter det att arbetstagarna fyllt 50 år utgår från uppgifter i den tredje EQLS och visar att många äldre arbetstagare föredrar att arbeta färre timmar, även med tanke på deras ekonomiska behov. Genom att underlätta denna anpassning av arbetstimmar efter preferenser kan man göra det möjligt för och motivera människor att arbeta längre.

Längre arbetsliv

Nyligen anslöt sig Eurofound till tre andra EU-byråer för att titta på åldersvänligt arbete i Europa, de politiska utmaningar som hör ihop med den åldrande arbetskraften och innovativa lösningar.

Många arbetstagare kan eller vill inte arbeta fram till den lagstadgade pensionsåldern. Det finns dock också en grupp som kan och är villig att arbeta längre än den. Eurofound har undersökt detta växande fenomen med människor som väljer att fortsätta jobba efter pensionen.

Aktuell forskning har inriktats på hur man kan förlänga arbetslivet genom flexibla pensionssystem, där man särskilt tittat på system med delpension som kan underlätta detta. Översyner mitt i karriären kan också bidra till längre arbetsliv. Forskarna har tittat på hur de kan hjälpa till att klargöra arbetstagarnas alternativ för att fortsätta arbeta till en senare pensionsålder. Forskningen belyser olika instrument som tagits fram av företag för att behålla åldrande arbetstagare.

I annan forskning dokumenterar man nationella och branschspecifika initiativ på statlig nivå och bland arbetsmarknadsparter för att behålla äldre arbetstagare på arbetsmarknaden, inklusive finansiella incitament och förbättrade villkor. Under ett tidigare projekt analyserades initiativ för hantering av åldersfrågor som introducerats före och efter lågkonjunkturen för att framhålla god praxis vid europeiska företag.

Resurser

Key outputs

ef18041card_cover.png

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 maj 2019
Publication
Research report
ef1733en_card_cover.png

Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 januari 2018
Publication
Research report
ef1747_card_cover.png

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 december 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

According to representatives of the company interviewed for this case study, there has been a greater willingness to recruit people aged 50 or more during the economic cycle of the past two to three years, but this is cyclical. Typically, when demand for labour increases in a positive economic cycle

22 January 2012

There is a clearly defined age management policy in place in Proniks Ltd. Older staff are considered to be a valuable asset. In other jobs and sectors, older employees may be considered less suitable for employment for a number of reasons (e.g. lack of up-to-date skills), this is not the case in

22 January 2012

Cambridgeshire County Council’s 2006–2010 people strategy sets priorities and limits on age management of employees. It commits the council to encouraging and maintaining diversity in recruitment and promotion, letting of contracts, training, and in publicity for and access to services. To support

22 January 2012

MOL faces a number of challenges related to an ageing workforce. As a formerly state-owned company, there is a tradition of lifelong careers that makes MOL attractive for employees. HR policies currently continue to support lifelong employment. The company’s approach is to seek to employ workers as

22 January 2012

The HR department at Ford works in accordance with the Ford Collective Agreement agreed directly at the company level. The Collective Agreement has some specific policies aimed at older workers and these are implemented fully at Ford. The following elements of the Agreement directly affect this age

22 January 2012

The experience of Made in Inox shows that micro-businesses are unlikely to have a dedicated human resources policy. Rather, they will have a general approach with informal processes, some specific age-related initiatives, and they will also aim to foster a specific organisational culture. Micro

22 January 2012

In the Netherlands, until 2008 workers over the age of 52 were entitled to additional holiday entitlements of one day a week. However, as part of the efforts to make employing older staff more attractive to companies, the trade unions agreed that in some sectors older workers should lose their

22 January 2012

BT has an ‘age neutral’ approach to promoting diversity and equality among age groups in its workforce. The organisation’s equal opportunities and diversity policy aims to ensure everyone should have the same opportunities for employment and promotion based on their ability, qualifications and

22 January 2012

MT age management policies are viewed internally to be in line with trends among similar large companies in Hungary. Large companies, including MT, are generally characterised by a relatively secure position in the market. They are subsequently able to maintain a consistent HR policy towards

22 January 2012

Respondents in Kiruna Regional Administration agree that there have been rapid developments within local governments with relation to age management. In the early 2000s, the primary concern of local governments was to encourage older employees to leave employment early. By 2010, concerns had shifted

22 January 2012

Online resources results (133)

Netherlands: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

Employer organisations’ plans for improving working conditions and wages for disabled workers, criticism of the system calculating the pension age, and career advice for older workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Publication of a study on the minimum wage, the introduction of pensioners’ cooperatives to reduce labour and skill shortages, and a proposal to extend working time are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary in

Estonia: New training schemes aim to counter unemployment

Training schemes to prevent unemployment and support employment will be available for Estonian employees from May 2017. The social partners are hopeful that these will help to address the issues of an ageing labour force and skills mismatch.

EU level: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Issues related to the European Commission’s proposal on the European Pillar of Social Rights, as well as some developments in social dialogue at EU level, are the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the latest developments in working life at EU level in the first quarter

Austria: Study examines seniority principle in the labour market

A study of the problems older employees face in the Austrian labour market shows that their age is the biggest hindrance to getting a job. The study debunks the common belief that older workers’ problems are caused by the ‘seniority principle’: the fact that the longer workers are employed, the more

Czech Republic: Average age of employees is increasing

The average age of Czech employees has increased by 3.7 years in the last 20 years.

Luxembourg: New Labour Code measures for older workers

A bill modifying Luxembourg’s Labour Code and introducing measures on ageing policies was introduced on 3 April 2014. The aim of the bill is to ‘improve the place of older workers in the economic system’, helping them to stay in work or return to the labour market.

Sustainable employment and occupational profile

Keeping people in employment until retirement age is a hot topic in the Netherlands, as it is across the rest of the European Union. A series of Dutch studies shows that workers in some sectors are more likely to be able and willing to work until retirement age and others less so, such as craft and

Study points to discrimination in recruiting process

A study has looked at the question of ethic, age and gender discrimination in the recruiting processes of the Austrian labour market.


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 januari 2024
image_1_blog_motivation_20032019.jpg

Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 mars 2019
image_blog_labour_market_integration_15112018.jpg

Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 november 2018
image1_keeping_careers_alive_as_work_transforms_blog_21062018.jpg

In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 juni 2018
image_blog_18012018.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 januari 2018
working_longer.jpg

There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 september 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.