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Labour and social regulation

Labour and social regulation covers the legal framework and fundamental social rights that regulates industrial relations, employment and social policies across Europe. It includes national, EU and international legislation.  Union labour law has a direct or indirect impact on the normative and functional frameworks of individual and collective labour law systems of the Member States in a relationship of mutual interference and interaction.  Increasingly Union labour laws are also shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms.  The reform or modernising of labour law is currently high on the agenda in several Member States.

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Ο όρος "υβριδική εργασία" έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστός με την αύξηση της τηλεργασίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, καθώς οι επιχειρήσεις και οι εργαζόμενοι ξεκίνησαν συζητήσεις σχετικά με τους τρόπους...

25 Μάιος 2023
Publication
Research report

Eurofound research

Eurofound has monitored legislative developments in industrial relations, working conditions and restructuring in Europe over time and from a comparative perspective across the Member States. The Agency’s work in this area seeks to assist decision-makers to better understand the legal framework for creating policy. It has also put resources in place to assist audiences in understanding the sometimes complex and difficult terminology used.

EU context

This topic covers the legal framework that regulates industrial relations and employment across Europe, including EU legislation and the fundamental labour standards that need to be taken into account.

Legislation is crucial in shaping how Europeans work and live. It is the basis for ensuring better working conditions, equitable labour relations, and equal opportunities for all citizens.

Publications results (81)

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Ο όρος "υβριδική εργασία" έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστός με την αύξηση της τηλεργασίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, καθώς οι επιχειρήσεις και οι εργαζόμενοι ξεκίνησαν συζητήσεις σχετικά με τους τρόπους οργάνωσης της εργασίας μετά την κρίση. Ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται ολοένα και περισσότερο για να

25 May 2023

Η παρούσα έκθεση παρουσιάζει την έρευνα του Eurofound σχετικά με την τηλεργασία κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19 το 2020 και το 2021. Διερευνά τις αλλαγές στη συχνότητα της τηλεργασίας, τις συνθήκες εργασίας των υπαλλήλων που εργάζονται από το σπίτι και τις αλλαγές στους κανονισμούς για την

08 December 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση εκπονείται στο πλαίσιο του τριετούς πιλοτικού έργου (2021-2023), με τίτλο «Ο ρόλος του κατώτατου μισθού στη θέσπιση της παγκόσμιας εγγύησης εργασίας», το οποίο ανατέθηκε στο Eurofound κατόπιν εντολής της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής. Εστιάζει στην ενότητα 3 του έργου, η οποία διερευνά τους

30 November 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση αποσκοπεί στη χαρτογράφηση και την ανάλυση της νομοθεσίας και των συλλογικών διαπραγματεύσεων για την τηλεργασία στα 27 κράτη μέλη και στη Νορβηγία. Επισημαίνει τις κύριες διαφορές και ομοιότητες μεταξύ των χωρών σε ό,τι αφορά τη νομοθεσία για την τηλεργασία καθώς και τις πρόσφατες

01 September 2022

Μετά από έναν κύκλο συντηρητικών παρεμβάσεων όσον αφορά τον καθορισμό των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2021, οι ονομαστικές τιμές των μισθών αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά για το 2022 και, παράλληλα, οι αρνητικές συνέπειες της πανδημίας μειώθηκαν και οι οικονομίες και οι αγορές εργασίας παρουσίασαν σημάδια

15 June 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση συνοψίζει τον τρόπο καθορισμού των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2021 κατά τη διάρκεια του 2020, ενός έτους που σηματοδοτήθηκε από την πανδημία της νόσου COVID-19. Εξετάζει τις δυσκολίες που αντιμετώπισαν οι εθνικοί φορείς λήψης αποφάσεων και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο αντέδρασαν στις

10 June 2021

Στην παρούσα έκθεση εξετάζονται οι εξελίξεις στις πολιτικές που ασκούν τα κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ με σκοπό να υποστηρίξουν την ένταξη των ατόμων με αναπηρία στην ανοιχτή αγορά εργασίας, με έμφαση στα στάδια της πρόσληψης, της παραμονής στην εργασίας και της επιστροφής στην εργασία μετά από ασθένεια. Στην

19 April 2021

Online resources results (793)

Bulgaria: CITUB analyses violations of labour rights in 2015

Trade union confederation CITUB has drawn up proposals for amendments to Bulgaria’s Labour Code based on its survey of common code violations. The survey found that almost half of all violations involve the calculation of total working time, which is often used by employers as an opportunity to hide

Sweden: Debate on whether solidarity action should be restricted

A long-running debate about solidarity in industrial action by workers supporting another group, even though their own union is not involved in the dispute, has flared up. There are fears that the turbulence of the 2016 bargaining round will be repeated in 2017 and employers are seeking stricter

Germany: Compromise struck on new temporary agency work legislation

A revised bill on temporary agency work and service work, set to be passed by the German Federal Government in early March 2016, was finally passed by Parliament in October and awaits approval by the Federal Council. It contains limitations on the use of temporary agency work, but also provides room

Malta: Airline pilots right to strike disputed

A court injunction preventing Air Malta’s pilots from striking was overturned on appeal in July 2016. The pilots had threatened action over a lack of information on the company’s restructuring plans. A civil court upheld the company’s claim that the action would jeopardise the company, but the

Lithuania: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The adoption of laws related to the new social model, the possible consequences of Brexit for the Lithuanian economy and collective bargaining in the education sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Lithuania

Romania: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

Protests and strikes, the transposition of European directives on labour relations, a wage policy to encourage some workers and attempts to improve some public sector salaries are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Norway: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A series of strikes related to the biennial renegotiation of national collective agreements, an increase in temporary employment and the changing use of occupational health services are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The general election result, industrial relations developments, equality in the workplace, what makes a good employer, trade union education and moves to improve social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Differences between social partners on a proposal to increase the minimum wage, demands by industrial trade unions for higher wages and strike action by teachers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the


Blogs results (12)
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

17 Ιούλιος 2019
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The European Union (EU) has strong legislation in place that protects workers from being exploited and also enables businesses to engage in fair competition. Workers are mobile and can move freely within the EU single market across borders – without being dependent upon traffickers. Yet, the latest

3 Μάιος 2016

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