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Labour and social regulation

Labour and social regulation covers the legal framework and fundamental social rights that regulates industrial relations, employment and social policies across Europe. It includes national, EU and international legislation.  Union labour law has a direct or indirect impact on the normative and functional frameworks of individual and collective labour law systems of the Member States in a relationship of mutual interference and interaction.  Increasingly Union labour laws are also shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms.  The reform or modernising of labour law is currently high on the agenda in several Member States.

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Ο όρος "υβριδική εργασία" έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστός με την αύξηση της τηλεργασίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, καθώς οι επιχειρήσεις και οι εργαζόμενοι ξεκίνησαν συζητήσεις σχετικά με τους τρόπους...

25 Μάιος 2023
Publication
Research report

Eurofound research

Eurofound has monitored legislative developments in industrial relations, working conditions and restructuring in Europe over time and from a comparative perspective across the Member States. The Agency’s work in this area seeks to assist decision-makers to better understand the legal framework for creating policy. It has also put resources in place to assist audiences in understanding the sometimes complex and difficult terminology used.

EU context

This topic covers the legal framework that regulates industrial relations and employment across Europe, including EU legislation and the fundamental labour standards that need to be taken into account.

Legislation is crucial in shaping how Europeans work and live. It is the basis for ensuring better working conditions, equitable labour relations, and equal opportunities for all citizens.

Publications results (81)

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Ο όρος "υβριδική εργασία" έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστός με την αύξηση της τηλεργασίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, καθώς οι επιχειρήσεις και οι εργαζόμενοι ξεκίνησαν συζητήσεις σχετικά με τους τρόπους οργάνωσης της εργασίας μετά την κρίση. Ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται ολοένα και περισσότερο για να

25 May 2023

Η παρούσα έκθεση παρουσιάζει την έρευνα του Eurofound σχετικά με την τηλεργασία κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19 το 2020 και το 2021. Διερευνά τις αλλαγές στη συχνότητα της τηλεργασίας, τις συνθήκες εργασίας των υπαλλήλων που εργάζονται από το σπίτι και τις αλλαγές στους κανονισμούς για την

08 December 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση εκπονείται στο πλαίσιο του τριετούς πιλοτικού έργου (2021-2023), με τίτλο «Ο ρόλος του κατώτατου μισθού στη θέσπιση της παγκόσμιας εγγύησης εργασίας», το οποίο ανατέθηκε στο Eurofound κατόπιν εντολής της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής. Εστιάζει στην ενότητα 3 του έργου, η οποία διερευνά τους

30 November 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση αποσκοπεί στη χαρτογράφηση και την ανάλυση της νομοθεσίας και των συλλογικών διαπραγματεύσεων για την τηλεργασία στα 27 κράτη μέλη και στη Νορβηγία. Επισημαίνει τις κύριες διαφορές και ομοιότητες μεταξύ των χωρών σε ό,τι αφορά τη νομοθεσία για την τηλεργασία καθώς και τις πρόσφατες

01 September 2022

Μετά από έναν κύκλο συντηρητικών παρεμβάσεων όσον αφορά τον καθορισμό των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2021, οι ονομαστικές τιμές των μισθών αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά για το 2022 και, παράλληλα, οι αρνητικές συνέπειες της πανδημίας μειώθηκαν και οι οικονομίες και οι αγορές εργασίας παρουσίασαν σημάδια

15 June 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

Η παρούσα έκθεση συνοψίζει τον τρόπο καθορισμού των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2021 κατά τη διάρκεια του 2020, ενός έτους που σηματοδοτήθηκε από την πανδημία της νόσου COVID-19. Εξετάζει τις δυσκολίες που αντιμετώπισαν οι εθνικοί φορείς λήψης αποφάσεων και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο αντέδρασαν στις

10 June 2021

Στην παρούσα έκθεση εξετάζονται οι εξελίξεις στις πολιτικές που ασκούν τα κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ με σκοπό να υποστηρίξουν την ένταξη των ατόμων με αναπηρία στην ανοιχτή αγορά εργασίας, με έμφαση στα στάδια της πρόσληψης, της παραμονής στην εργασίας και της επιστροφής στην εργασία μετά από ασθένεια. Στην

19 April 2021

Online resources results (793)

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The Prime Minister’s statements on Brexit at the Conservative Party conference, labour market developments and the latest developments in the junior doctors’ dispute are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the United

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

Significant wage increases in many sectors, positive results from public opinion surveys, amendment of the Labour Code and easier rules on employing low-qualified Ukrainian workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A proposal to change the state pension age, suggested changes to requirements for public procurement contracts and an increase in the use of permanent employment contracts are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A slight fall in unemployment and trade union concerns over labour precariousness, and the need for social partners to reach agreement on a new salary pact are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Spain in the third

France: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Adoption of a major labour law reform, problems over negotiations on the national collective agreement on unemployment insurance and the continuing fight against the illegal posting of workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Sweden: Work-related diseases more often caused by social factors

Work-related diseases due to organisational and social factors are increasing in Sweden, according to the Swedish Environment Authority. Since 2011, diseases due to these factors have increased by 77%. This, plus a recent spike in sick leave, has sparked a debate on how best to combat ill-health in

Norway: Equal treatment of temporary agency workers

An evaluation of the implementation of Norwegian regulations transposing the directive on temporary agency work concluded that the ‘equal treatment’ principle had led to more equality, in practice, but that challenges remained in smaller temporary work agencies and where agencies were hiring out

Greece: Public opinion and social dialogue on labour market reforms

Ahead of further negotiations on the terms of the Greek bailout, two recent surveys are directly linked to the issues under negotiation and reflect the views of public opinion. The government has also organised tripartite meetings with social partners in an attempt to seek mutually acceptable

Norway: New legislation on temporary layoffs

New regulations on temporary layoffs have been introduced by the Norwegian Government at the request of the social partners. The new legislation extends the maximum duration of temporary layoffs, aiming to avoid unnecessary direct layoffs in a time of rising unemployment.

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Strikes over the government’s austerity measures, agreements providing better conditions for prison guards and more stability for temporary workers, and the end of the ‘wage index jump’ are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working


Blogs results (12)
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

17 Ιούλιος 2019
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The European Union (EU) has strong legislation in place that protects workers from being exploited and also enables businesses to engage in fair competition. Workers are mobile and can move freely within the EU single market across borders – without being dependent upon traffickers. Yet, the latest

3 Μάιος 2016

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