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Darba samaksa un ienākumi

Darba samaksa un ienākumi ir būtiski svarīgi darba attiecību un dzīves kvalitātes elementi. Notikumi ekonomikā un sabiedrībā, ko pastiprināja krīze, ES līmenī pievērsa šim jautājumam aizvien lielāku uzmanību.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlārs pauž ES apņemšanos risināt jautājumu par darba algām — darba ņēmēju tiesības uz taisnīgu atalgojumu, kas nodrošina pienācīgu dzīves līmeni; nodrošināt pienācīgu minimālo algu; novērst nodarbinātu personu nabadzību.

Eurofound darbs

Eurofound regulāri ziņo par dažādiem darba samaksas un ienākumu aspektiem, ko ietekmē mainīgie ekonomiskie apstākļi Eiropā.

Darba samaksas novērošana

Eurofound Eiropas Darba dzīves novērošanas centrs (EurWORK) apkopo plašu informāciju par darba samaksu. Tā kā ziņojumi tiek sagatavoti regulāri, ir pieejami vispusīgi novērojumi par norisēm darba samaksas koplīgumu jomā, tādējādi nodrošinot tendenču novērošanu. Eurofound regulāri publicē tematiskos kopsavilkumus par likumā noteikto minimālo algu un koplīgumos noteikto darba samaksu. Tas novēro arī valstu līmeņa notikumus attiecībā uz darba algas noteikšanas mehānismiem, vienlīdzīgu darba samaksu, mainīgu atalgojumu, zemu atalgojumu un vīriešu un sieviešu darba samaksas atšķirību.

Darba dzīves valstu profili sniedz informāciju par valstī noteikto darba algu un tiek regulāri atjaunināti. EurWORK uztur divas datubāzes par darba samaksu (sk. tālāk norādītos resursus).

Eurofound Eiropas Darba uzraudzības centrs (EJM) analizē pārmaiņas nodarbinātības jomā, ņemot vērā dažādus kvalitatīvus pasākumus, tostarp darba samaksu. Proti, tas papildina mūsu zināšanas par nodarbinātības polarizāciju — šķiet, ka nodarbinātības līmenis algu sadalījuma augšējā un apakšējā sektorā palielinās vairāk nekā vidusdaļā.

Apsekojumu dati

Eurofound apsekojumos tiek pētīti arī darba samaksas nosacījumi ES. Eurofound pētījumā vērtējot darba kvalitāti, darba samaksa ir galvenais elements. Eiropas darba apstākļu apsekojumā (EWCS) ienākumi ir viens no septiņiem darba kvalitātes rādītājiem. EWCS ziņo arī par vīriešu un sieviešu darba samaksas atšķirību. Izpētiet EWCS interaktīvo datu vizualizācijas rīku.

Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojumā (EQLS) tiek novērota ienākumu ietekme uz dzīves līmeni un ienākumu nevienlīdzības saistība ar sociālo kohēziju un labjutību. Tajā tiek analizēts, kā krīze ir ietekmējusi ģimenes, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot ģimenēm ar maziem ienākumiem, mājsaimniecību parādiem un nabadzības riska grupām. EQLS arī apkopo informāciju par ienākumiem pensijā un iespējām pagarināt darba dzīvi. Izpētiet EQLS interaktīvo datu vizualizācijas rīku .

Eiropas uzņēmumu apsekojums (ECS) aplūko mainīga atalgojuma sistēmas uzņēmumos, kā arī šo uzņēmumu darbinieku īpatsvaru, ar kuriem noslēgti darba algas koplīgumi. Pamatojoties uz apsekojumu, informāciju par mainīgu atalgojumu un darba samaksas koplīgumiem var saistīt ar informāciju par darba organizāciju, cilvēkresursu pārvaldību, darba ņēmēju tiešo dalību un sociālo dialogu, kā arī ar darba rezultātiem un labjutību darbavietā.

Key outputs

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2023. gada pārskats par minimālajām algām tika sagatavots bezprecedenta inflācijas kontekstā visā Eiropā. Lai gan tas daudzās valstīs izraisīja ievērojamu nominālo algu līmeņu pieaugumu, daudzos gadījumos ar to nepietika, lai...

29 Jūnijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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Covid-19 pandēmijai bija atšķirīga ietekme uz sociālajām grupām atkarībā no pastāvošajiem nevienlīdzības aspektiem, un tika plaši uzskatīts, ka tā izraisīja nevienlīdzības pieaugumu dažādās dzīves jomās. Izmantojot Daudzdimensiju nevienlīdzības uzraudzības satvara...

24 Janvāris 2023
Publication
Research report
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Šajā ziņojumā aplūkots mājsaimniecību bagātības sadalījums ES dalībvalstīs un analizēta bagātības nozīme sociālajā mobilitātē. Izmantojot datus no trim datu kopām (Mājsaimniecību finanšu un patēriņa apsekojuma, Apsekojuma par veselību, novecošanu un...

30 Marts 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

2023. gada pārskats par minimālajām algām tika sagatavots bezprecedenta inflācijas kontekstā visā Eiropā. Lai gan tas daudzās valstīs izraisīja ievērojamu nominālo algu līmeņu pieaugumu, daudzos gadījumos ar to nepietika, lai saglabātu darba ņēmēju pirktspēju. Pamatojoties uz pēdējo desmit gadu

29 June 2023

Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē cilvēku veselību un labklājību, iemieso

30 May 2023

Covid-19 pandēmijai bija atšķirīga ietekme uz sociālajām grupām atkarībā no pastāvošajiem nevienlīdzības aspektiem, un tika plaši uzskatīts, ka tā izraisīja nevienlīdzības pieaugumu dažādās dzīves jomās. Izmantojot Daudzdimensiju nevienlīdzības uzraudzības satvara Eiropas Savienībai (MIMF) rādītājus

24 January 2023

Šis ziņojums ir sagatavots saistībā ar trīs gadu (2021.–2023. gada) pilotprojektu “Minimālās algas nozīme vispārējās darba garantijas izveidē”, ko Eiropas Komisija bija uzticējusi Eurofound. Ziņojuma uzmanības centrā ir projekta 3. modulis, kurā pētītas minimālās algas un citi atalgojuma veidi

30 November 2022

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Pēc piesardzīgi noteiktās 2021. gada minimālās algas, mazinoties pandēmijas negatīvajām sekām un uzlabojoties ekonomikai un darba tirgiem, nominālās likmes 2022. gadā ievērojami pieauga. Šajā kontekstā 20 no 21 ES dalībvalsts, kurās ir ar likumu noteiktas minimālās algas, paaugstināja likmes

15 June 2022

Online resources results (888)
In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.
4 Marts 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

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Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

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Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and cont

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Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

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Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Oktobris 2022
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First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (22)
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Following a sluggish response by many Member States to introduce or modify gender pay transparency measures, as it recommended in 2014, the European Commission intends to table a proposal for EU-level legislation on pay transparency later in 2020. In this context, a new Eurofound study investigated

6 Novembris 2020
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As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

15 Janvāris 2020
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The Socialist-led Spanish government that emerged last summer had, by the end of 2018, approved a hike in the statutory minimum wage. This was agreed with the left-wing Podemos party as part of an attempt to secure the parliamentary support needed for passing the proposed 2019 budget – although

17 Jūlijs 2019
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Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across

17 Aprīlis 2019
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One year after Germany’s introduction of the Entgelttransparenzgesetz (Wage Transparency Act), the results are somewhat underwhelming. This law is Germany’s take on the European Commission’s recommendation on introducing pay transparency measures to combat the gender pay gap.

4 Februāris 2019
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Wages grew and wage inequality fell in most EU countries in 2015. Germany is not one of the countries where wages rose most, but it did have the largest reduction of wage inequality. Our analysis shows that the German minimum wage policy introduced in 2015 strongly lifted the wages of the lowest

14 Jūnijs 2018
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Measures to promote gender pay transparency haven’t been delivered yet in half of Europe – making EU level legislative action to speed up implementation an option. In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Christine Aumayr-Pintar details what we know about the measures from countries that

28 Februāris 2018
Pay inequalities come back into focus in post-crisis Europe

The ability to make ends meet is a vital issue for many Europeans and an important priority for European policymakers. In the immediate aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis the initial focus was to mitigate and reverse job loss, particularly in the countries most affected. With employment back to

3 Novembris 2017
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The Great Recession depressed real income levels across European countries. But the impact was very unequal across countries and income groups. Countries in the European periphery have been more affected than those in the core, halting the process of income convergence between European countries

23 Jūnijs 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 Marts 2017

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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