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Darba samaksa un ienākumi

Darba samaksa un ienākumi ir būtiski svarīgi darba attiecību un dzīves kvalitātes elementi. Notikumi ekonomikā un sabiedrībā, ko pastiprināja krīze, ES līmenī pievērsa šim jautājumam aizvien lielāku uzmanību.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlārs pauž ES apņemšanos risināt jautājumu par darba algām — darba ņēmēju tiesības uz taisnīgu atalgojumu, kas nodrošina pienācīgu dzīves līmeni; nodrošināt pienācīgu minimālo algu; novērst nodarbinātu personu nabadzību.

Eurofound darbs

Eurofound regulāri ziņo par dažādiem darba samaksas un ienākumu aspektiem, ko ietekmē mainīgie ekonomiskie apstākļi Eiropā.

Darba samaksas novērošana

Eurofound Eiropas Darba dzīves novērošanas centrs (EurWORK) apkopo plašu informāciju par darba samaksu. Tā kā ziņojumi tiek sagatavoti regulāri, ir pieejami vispusīgi novērojumi par norisēm darba samaksas koplīgumu jomā, tādējādi nodrošinot tendenču novērošanu. Eurofound regulāri publicē tematiskos kopsavilkumus par likumā noteikto minimālo algu un koplīgumos noteikto darba samaksu. Tas novēro arī valstu līmeņa notikumus attiecībā uz darba algas noteikšanas mehānismiem, vienlīdzīgu darba samaksu, mainīgu atalgojumu, zemu atalgojumu un vīriešu un sieviešu darba samaksas atšķirību.

Darba dzīves valstu profili sniedz informāciju par valstī noteikto darba algu un tiek regulāri atjaunināti. EurWORK uztur divas datubāzes par darba samaksu (sk. tālāk norādītos resursus).

Eurofound Eiropas Darba uzraudzības centrs (EJM) analizē pārmaiņas nodarbinātības jomā, ņemot vērā dažādus kvalitatīvus pasākumus, tostarp darba samaksu. Proti, tas papildina mūsu zināšanas par nodarbinātības polarizāciju — šķiet, ka nodarbinātības līmenis algu sadalījuma augšējā un apakšējā sektorā palielinās vairāk nekā vidusdaļā.

Apsekojumu dati

Eurofound apsekojumos tiek pētīti arī darba samaksas nosacījumi ES. Eurofound pētījumā vērtējot darba kvalitāti, darba samaksa ir galvenais elements. Eiropas darba apstākļu apsekojumā (EWCS) ienākumi ir viens no septiņiem darba kvalitātes rādītājiem. EWCS ziņo arī par vīriešu un sieviešu darba samaksas atšķirību. Izpētiet EWCS interaktīvo datu vizualizācijas rīku.

Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojumā (EQLS) tiek novērota ienākumu ietekme uz dzīves līmeni un ienākumu nevienlīdzības saistība ar sociālo kohēziju un labjutību. Tajā tiek analizēts, kā krīze ir ietekmējusi ģimenes, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot ģimenēm ar maziem ienākumiem, mājsaimniecību parādiem un nabadzības riska grupām. EQLS arī apkopo informāciju par ienākumiem pensijā un iespējām pagarināt darba dzīvi. Izpētiet EQLS interaktīvo datu vizualizācijas rīku .

Eiropas uzņēmumu apsekojums (ECS) aplūko mainīga atalgojuma sistēmas uzņēmumos, kā arī šo uzņēmumu darbinieku īpatsvaru, ar kuriem noslēgti darba algas koplīgumi. Pamatojoties uz apsekojumu, informāciju par mainīgu atalgojumu un darba samaksas koplīgumiem var saistīt ar informāciju par darba organizāciju, cilvēkresursu pārvaldību, darba ņēmēju tiešo dalību un sociālo dialogu, kā arī ar darba rezultātiem un labjutību darbavietā.

Key outputs

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2023. gada pārskats par minimālajām algām tika sagatavots bezprecedenta inflācijas kontekstā visā Eiropā. Lai gan tas daudzās valstīs izraisīja ievērojamu nominālo algu līmeņu pieaugumu, daudzos gadījumos ar to nepietika, lai...

29 Jūnijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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Covid-19 pandēmijai bija atšķirīga ietekme uz sociālajām grupām atkarībā no pastāvošajiem nevienlīdzības aspektiem, un tika plaši uzskatīts, ka tā izraisīja nevienlīdzības pieaugumu dažādās dzīves jomās. Izmantojot Daudzdimensiju nevienlīdzības uzraudzības satvara...

24 Janvāris 2023
Publication
Research report
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Šajā ziņojumā aplūkots mājsaimniecību bagātības sadalījums ES dalībvalstīs un analizēta bagātības nozīme sociālajā mobilitātē. Izmantojot datus no trim datu kopām (Mājsaimniecību finanšu un patēriņa apsekojuma, Apsekojuma par veselību, novecošanu un...

30 Marts 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

This report addresses growing concerns about income inequalities in academic and policy debates by offering a comprehensive study of income inequalities during the years of the Great Recession starting in 2008–2009 (income data relating to 2004–2013). It has the twofold objective of adopting an EU

13 March 2017

In 22 out of 28 EU Member States, a generally applicable statutory minimum wage exists; the level of this minimum wage varies greatly from one country to another. This article provides information on statutory minimum wage levels, how the minimum wage has been determined for 2017 and minimum wage

09 February 2017

Teachers across Europe have been protesting about their working conditions. Pay levels and pay inequalities, working time and workload, recruitment procedures and staffing at schools have been the main focus of social dialogue and collective action. Several of the reported cases are set in the

09 January 2017

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the financial services sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the transport sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the commerce and hospitality sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the construction sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the health sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes all

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the education sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the public administration and defence sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS

22 December 2016

Online resources results (888)
In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.
4 Marts 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

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Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

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Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and cont

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Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

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Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Oktobris 2022
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First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maijs 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Janvāris 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 Augusts 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Jūnijs 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 Oktobris 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Jūnijs 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Jūnijs 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 Aprīlis 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 Februāris 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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