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Employment structure

The employment structure reflects the change in employment across occupations and sectors, using various proxies of job quality. The current debate about shifts in the employment structure is focused on the extent to which observed patterns of job polarisation and upgrading have contributed to wage inequality trends and on Europe's shrinking middle class.

Topic

Recent updates

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Since 2002, the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) has been monitoring the employment impact of large-scale restructuring events in Europe and covers the 27 EU Member States plus Norway.

Web page

Eurofound research

Eurofound’s European Jobs Monitor (EJM) analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU, covering all Member States.

Key outputs

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The European Jobs Monitor (EJM) tracks structural change in European labour markets. It analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives...

Data Item

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
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​Martina Bisello is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. Her research interests include gender gaps in the labour market, occupational change and the impact of...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (95)

Over the course of 2008 and 2009, the world economy experienced one of the most serious recessions in modern times. In July 2009, 22 million men and women were unemployed throughout Europe, five million more than a year previously. Moreover, the situation may well still have further to play out

22 November 2009

Europe is slowly emerging from one of the deepest recessions on record with the European Commission predicting positive growth in the third quarter of 2009. The third issue for 2009 includes: current macroeconomic trends and prospects; an overview of ERM statistics for July-September 2009

04 November 2009

While the current crisis has led to massive job loss across the EU, there is evidence to indicate that companies are trying hard to maintain staffing levels until the economic situation recovers. To this end, employers have generally introduced a number of interrelated approaches rather than just

03 November 2009

As European economies slide into recession, companies face increasing financial difficulties as sales decline and prospects for a quick recovery recede. Consequently, a growing number of businesses are coming under threat, putting the jobs of more workers at risk. Already across Europe many

08 October 2009

A key element of European policy is the emphasis on boosting employment and maximising its quality – creating ‘more and better jobs’ – with a view to shaping a competitive, knowledge-based economy. Over the period 1995 - 2006, considerable growth in employment took place in most European countries

20 August 2009

According to the most recent DG-ECFIN quarterly report, the euro area remains ‘deep in recession mode’: unemployment is rising in all Member States. The second issue for 2009 includes: current macroeconomic trends and prospects; an overview of ERM statistics for April-June 2009; state aid for

28 July 2009

In the first quarter of 2009, most evidence points to a deepening, global recession affecting simultaneously Europe, other major developed and developing economies. The first issue for 2009 includes: current macroeconomic trends and prospects; an overview of ERM statistics for January-March 2009

28 April 2009

After a dramatic final quarter of 2008, the European economy is facing a sharp slowdown in economic activity. The euro zone is officially in recession with the EU27 likely to follow. The fourth issue for 2008 includes: Current macroeconomic trends and prospects; an overview of ERM statistics for

10 February 2009

The commitment of hundreds of billions of euros and dollars by the public authorities to the banking systems in the major developed economies in September and early October 2008 has only partially stemmed the malaise in the global financial system. The third issue for 2008 includes: Current

21 October 2008

A deteriorating international context has impacted negatively on the European economy in the second quarter of 2008. The second issue for 2008 includes: Current macroeconomic trends and prospects; an overview of ERM statistics for the second quarter 2008; restructuring in the postal services sector

28 September 2008

Online resources results (2)

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first

Blogs results (12)
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In the digital age, there are fewer routine jobs because of a higher risk of automation. But a great paradox of this age is this: workers in most types of jobs, including high-skilled ones, are reporting higher levels of routine at work. This emerges from a new study of the task content of

28 Setembro 2016
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Most discussions on the future of work are dominated by the impact of key changes in society, such as the digital revolution and demographic changes. These changes raise various issues of concern, sometimes suggesting contradictory trends such as labour shortages linked to an ageing population, or

25 Julho 2016

Upcoming publications results (1)

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

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