Skip to main content
Shutterstock image of young couple reviewing their finances

Plače in dohodki

Plače in dohodki so ključnega pomena za odnose med delodajalci in delojemalci ter kakovost življenja. To vprašanje je na ravni EU deležno še večje pozornosti zaradi sprememb v gospodarstvu in družbi na splošno, ki jih je povzročila kriza.

Topic

Recent updates

ef22064_card_cover.png

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Januar 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Evropski steber socialnih pravic določa zaveze EU glede plač: pravico delavcev do pravičnih plač, ki zagotavljajo dostojen življenjski standard, zagotavljanje primerne minimalne plače ter preprečevanje revščine zaposlenih.

Delo Eurofounda

Eurofound redno poroča o različnih vidikih plač in dohodkov glede na spreminjajoče se gospodarske razmere v Evropi.

Spremljanje plač

Eurofound prek Evropske opazovalnice delovnega življenja (EurWORK) zbira različne informacije o plačah. Redno poročanje zagotavlja obsežnejše ugotovitve o plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami, kar omogoča spremljanje trendov. Eurofound redno objavlja aktualne informacije o zakonsko določenih minimalnih plačah in plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami. Poleg tega spremlja razvoj na nacionalni ravni v zvezi z mehanizmi določanja plač, enakim plačilom, variabilnim delom plače, nizkimi plačami in razlikami v plačilu med spoloma.

Profili držav glede delovnega življenja vsebujejo informacije o plačah na nacionalni ravni in se redno posodabljajo. EurWORK vzdržuje dve zbirki podatkov o plačah (glej vire v nadaljevanju).

Eurofoundov evropski center za spremljanje delovnih mest (EJM) ocenjuje spremembe v zaposlovanju po delovnih mestih v skladu z različnimi kvalitativnimi ukrepi, vključno s plačo. Zlasti prispeva k našemu poznavanju pojava polarizacije zaposlovanja – obseg, v katerem bo rast zaposlovanja verjetno večja na vrhu in dnu porazdelitve plač kot na sredini.

Podatki iz raziskave

V okviru Eurofoundovih raziskav se spremljajo tudi plačilni pogoji v EU. Plače so v središču Eurofoundovih raziskav pri ocenjevanju kakovosti delovnih mest. V evropski raziskavi o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) so plače eden od sedmih kazalnikov kakovosti delovnih mest. V raziskavi je omenjena tudi razlika v plačilu med spoloma. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EWCS.

V okviru evropske raziskave o kakovosti življenja (EQLS) se spremljajo vpliv dohodka na življenjske standarde in povezave med neenakostjo dohodkov ter socialno kohezijo in dobrim počutjem. Analizira vpliv krize na družine, pri čemer se upoštevajo družine z nizkimi dohodki, zadolženost gospodinjstev in skupine, ki jim grozi revščina. V okviru raziskave EQLS se zbirajo tudi informacije o dohodkih v pokoju in možnostih za podaljšanje delovne dobe. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EQLS.

V evropski raziskavi podjetij (ECS) sta zajeta uporaba sistemov variabilnega dela plač v organizacijah in vključenost zaposlenih v take organizacije na podlagi kolektivnih pogodb o plačah. Raziskava omogoča povezavo informacij o variabilnem delu plač in pogajanjih o plačah z informacijami o organizaciji dela, upravljanju človeških virov, neposredni udeležbi zaposlenih in socialnem dialogu, pa tudi z uspešnostjo in dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu.

Key outputs

ef23019_card_cover.png

Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report
ef22002_card_cover.png

Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo...

24 Januar 2023
Publication
Research report
ef20034en_card_cover.png

V tem poročilu je preučena porazdelitev premoženja med gospodinjstvi v državah članicah EU in analiziran pomen premoženja za družbeno gibljivost. Uporabljeni so podatki iz treh naborov (raziskave o finančnih sredstvih...

30 Marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

christine-aumayr-2023.png

Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
caros-vacas-2023.png

Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the business, administration and other services sector. It is based on the third European Company

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the industry sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

The sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) builds on the lessons learned from the previous five surveys to paint a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. EU employment policy priorities aim to boost employment levels, prolong working

17 November 2016

This article summarises the recent developments in collectively agreed pay in the European Union. It discusses the levels at which it is carried out, its coordination and coverage. The wage outcomes are put into the perspective of past collectively agreed wage changes and key institutional variables

19 October 2016

Women’s labour market participation in the European Union has increased over recent decades, passing 70% in 2014. In that year, women comprised almost 46% of the active EU labour market population.

11 October 2016

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

Well-functioning social dialogue is a key component for the successful design and implementation of reforms needed to increase the competitiveness of Europe’s economies and create more jobs. It balances workers’ and employers’ interests and contributes to both economic competitiveness and social

06 September 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the European Union and Norway.

05 September 2016

The use of supplementary employee reward systems has increased across Europe in recent decades, both in terms of the number of companies using them and the number of employees covered. Supplementary reward systems include performance-related pay, profit-sharing, payment by results and benefits in

01 September 2016

The German national statutory minimum wage for international truck drivers has caused considerable controversy. Some Member States fear it will damage the competitiveness of companies sending drivers to destinations via Germany. However, it is important to find a balance between promoting the free

16 June 2016

Online resources results (888)
In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.
4 Marec 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

Image of young women placing an order to a waiter in a cafe

Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

ef23050.png

Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and cont

image_article_minimum_wage_ef23051.png

Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

image_news_item_20012023.png

Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Oktober 2022
ef22067.png

First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (22)
growth_of_minimum_wages.jpg

The growth in average (nominal) pay of employees has accelerated in recent years in EU countries after a slump following the economic crisis. Similar developments show up in data on collectively agreed wages. However, higher wage growth figures do not automatically mean that all employees benefit

27 Februar 2017
o4yzhdrf75li5gesnnsq.png

More than one in 10 employees in the EU are employed on temporary contracts, but a majority of them would prefer a permanent contract. Temporary contracts help employers to manage their labour demand, but there are downsides for employees, such as job insecurity and lower pay.

19 Februar 2016

Upcoming publications results (2)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (4)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.