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Заплащане и доходи

Плащанията и доходите са от основно значение за трудовите взаимоотношения и качеството на живот. Поради кризисни процеси в икономиката и в обществото като цяло този въпрос бе предмет на още по-голямо внимание на равнище ЕС.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 January 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Европейският стълб на социалните права определя ангажиментите на ЕС относно заплатите: правото на работниците на справедливо заплащане, което осигурява достоен стандарт на живот; гарантиране на достатъчна минимална работна заплата; предотвратяване на бедността сред работещите.

Дейност на Eurofound

Eurofound редовно докладва за различните аспекти на заплащането и доходите от гледна точка на променящите се икономически условия в цяла Европа.

Контрол върху заплащането

Чрез своята Европейска обсерватория на професионалния живот (EurWORK), Eurofound обединява набор от информация относно заплащането. Редовният характер на отчитането генерира по-дълга поредица от наблюдения върху колективно договорените възнаграждения, така че тенденциите да подлежат контрол. Eurofound публикува редовно актуална информация относно задължителния минимум на възнагражденията и колективно договореното заплащане. Освен това Eurofound наблюдава тенденциите на национално ниво във връзка с механизмите за определяне на възнагражденията, равното заплащане, променливото заплащане, ниското заплащане и разликата в заплащането при жените и мъжете.

Профилите на отделните държави в областта на професионалния живот съдържат информация относно заплащането на национално равнище и редовно се актуализират. Освен това EurWORK поддържа две бази данни относно заплащането (вж. ресурсите по-долу).

Европейският наблюдател на работните места на Eurofound (EJM) извършва оценка на измененията в заетостта по вид работа според различни качествени мерки, включително заплащането. По-специално той допринася за познанията ни относно явлението поляризация на заетостта — т.е. степента, в която растежът на заетостта вероятно ще бъде по-голям в началото и в края на разпределението на заплатите, отколкото в средата.

Данни от проучването

Проучванията на Eurofound наблюдават и условията на заплащане в ЕС. Заплащането заема централно място в изследванията на Eurofound при извършване на оценка на качеството на труд. В европейското проучване за условията на труд (EWCS) доходите са един от седемте показателя за качество на работата. EWCS отчита и разликата в заплащането при жените и мъжете. За повече информация вж. Интерактивен инструмент за визуализация на EWCS.

Европейското проучване за качеството на живот (EQLS) следи въздействието на доходите върху жизнения стандарт и връзката между неравенството в доходите със социалното сближаване и благополучие. Проучването анализира как кризата е засегнала семействата, като акцентира върху тези с ниски доходи, задлъжнялостта на домакинствата и групите, изложени на риск от бедност. Освен това EQLS събира информация за доходите при пенсиониране и възможностите за удължаване на професионалния живот. За повече информация вж. Интерактивен инструмент за визуализация на EQLS.

Проучването на европейските дружества (ECS) обхваща използването на променливи схеми за заплащане в предприятията, както и покритието на служителите в тези предприятия посредством колективни трудови договори. Проучването позволява информацията за променливото заплащане и договаряне на заплатите да се свърже с информацията за организацията на труда, управлението на човешките ресурси, прякото участие на работещите и социалния диалог, както и с ефективността и благосъстоянието на работното място.

Key outputs

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Годишният преглед на минималните заплати за 2023 г. е изготвен в контекста на безпрецедентната инфлация в цяла Европа. Макар че тази инфлация води до значителни увеличения на номиналните ставки на...

29 June 2023
Publication
Research report
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Пандемията от COVID-19 оказа различно въздействие върху социалните групи в зависимост от съществуващите недостатъци, а убеждението, че тя е довела до увеличаване на неравенствата в различните области на живота, беше...

24 January 2023
Publication
Research report
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В настоящия доклад се разглежда разпределението на богатството на домакинствата в държавите — членки на ЕС и се анализира ролята на богатството за социалната мобилност. С информацията, получена от три набора от...

30 March 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the business, administration and other services sector. It is based on the third European Company

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the industry sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

The sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) builds on the lessons learned from the previous five surveys to paint a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. EU employment policy priorities aim to boost employment levels, prolong working

17 November 2016

This article summarises the recent developments in collectively agreed pay in the European Union. It discusses the levels at which it is carried out, its coordination and coverage. The wage outcomes are put into the perspective of past collectively agreed wage changes and key institutional variables

19 October 2016

Women’s labour market participation in the European Union has increased over recent decades, passing 70% in 2014. In that year, women comprised almost 46% of the active EU labour market population.

11 October 2016

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

Well-functioning social dialogue is a key component for the successful design and implementation of reforms needed to increase the competitiveness of Europe’s economies and create more jobs. It balances workers’ and employers’ interests and contributes to both economic competitiveness and social

06 September 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the European Union and Norway.

05 September 2016

The use of supplementary employee reward systems has increased across Europe in recent decades, both in terms of the number of companies using them and the number of employees covered. Supplementary reward systems include performance-related pay, profit-sharing, payment by results and benefits in

01 September 2016

The German national statutory minimum wage for international truck drivers has caused considerable controversy. Some Member States fear it will damage the competitiveness of companies sending drivers to destinations via Germany. However, it is important to find a balance between promoting the free

16 June 2016

Online resources results (888)
In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.
4 March 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

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Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

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Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and cont

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Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

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Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 October 2022
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First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (22)
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The growth in average (nominal) pay of employees has accelerated in recent years in EU countries after a slump following the economic crisis. Similar developments show up in data on collectively agreed wages. However, higher wage growth figures do not automatically mean that all employees benefit

27 February 2017
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More than one in 10 employees in the EU are employed on temporary contracts, but a majority of them would prefer a permanent contract. Temporary contracts help employers to manage their labour demand, but there are downsides for employees, such as job insecurity and lower pay.

19 February 2016

Upcoming publications results (2)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (4)

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