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Plače in dohodki

Plače in dohodki so ključnega pomena za odnose med delodajalci in delojemalci ter kakovost življenja. To vprašanje je na ravni EU deležno še večje pozornosti zaradi sprememb v gospodarstvu in družbi na splošno, ki jih je povzročila kriza.

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Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Januar 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Evropski steber socialnih pravic določa zaveze EU glede plač: pravico delavcev do pravičnih plač, ki zagotavljajo dostojen življenjski standard, zagotavljanje primerne minimalne plače ter preprečevanje revščine zaposlenih.

Delo Eurofounda

Eurofound redno poroča o različnih vidikih plač in dohodkov glede na spreminjajoče se gospodarske razmere v Evropi.

Spremljanje plač

Eurofound prek Evropske opazovalnice delovnega življenja (EurWORK) zbira različne informacije o plačah. Redno poročanje zagotavlja obsežnejše ugotovitve o plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami, kar omogoča spremljanje trendov. Eurofound redno objavlja aktualne informacije o zakonsko določenih minimalnih plačah in plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami. Poleg tega spremlja razvoj na nacionalni ravni v zvezi z mehanizmi določanja plač, enakim plačilom, variabilnim delom plače, nizkimi plačami in razlikami v plačilu med spoloma.

Profili držav glede delovnega življenja vsebujejo informacije o plačah na nacionalni ravni in se redno posodabljajo. EurWORK vzdržuje dve zbirki podatkov o plačah (glej vire v nadaljevanju).

Eurofoundov evropski center za spremljanje delovnih mest (EJM) ocenjuje spremembe v zaposlovanju po delovnih mestih v skladu z različnimi kvalitativnimi ukrepi, vključno s plačo. Zlasti prispeva k našemu poznavanju pojava polarizacije zaposlovanja – obseg, v katerem bo rast zaposlovanja verjetno večja na vrhu in dnu porazdelitve plač kot na sredini.

Podatki iz raziskave

V okviru Eurofoundovih raziskav se spremljajo tudi plačilni pogoji v EU. Plače so v središču Eurofoundovih raziskav pri ocenjevanju kakovosti delovnih mest. V evropski raziskavi o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) so plače eden od sedmih kazalnikov kakovosti delovnih mest. V raziskavi je omenjena tudi razlika v plačilu med spoloma. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EWCS.

V okviru evropske raziskave o kakovosti življenja (EQLS) se spremljajo vpliv dohodka na življenjske standarde in povezave med neenakostjo dohodkov ter socialno kohezijo in dobrim počutjem. Analizira vpliv krize na družine, pri čemer se upoštevajo družine z nizkimi dohodki, zadolženost gospodinjstev in skupine, ki jim grozi revščina. V okviru raziskave EQLS se zbirajo tudi informacije o dohodkih v pokoju in možnostih za podaljšanje delovne dobe. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EQLS.

V evropski raziskavi podjetij (ECS) sta zajeta uporaba sistemov variabilnega dela plač v organizacijah in vključenost zaposlenih v take organizacije na podlagi kolektivnih pogodb o plačah. Raziskava omogoča povezavo informacij o variabilnem delu plač in pogajanjih o plačah z informacijami o organizaciji dela, upravljanju človeških virov, neposredni udeležbi zaposlenih in socialnem dialogu, pa tudi z uspešnostjo in dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu.

Key outputs

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Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report
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Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo...

24 Januar 2023
Publication
Research report
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V tem poročilu je preučena porazdelitev premoženja med gospodinjstvi v državah članicah EU in analiziran pomen premoženja za družbeno gibljivost. Uporabljeni so podatki iz treh naborov (raziskave o finančnih sredstvih...

30 Marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the business, administration and other services sector. It is based on the third European Company

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the industry sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

The sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) builds on the lessons learned from the previous five surveys to paint a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. EU employment policy priorities aim to boost employment levels, prolong working

17 November 2016

This article summarises the recent developments in collectively agreed pay in the European Union. It discusses the levels at which it is carried out, its coordination and coverage. The wage outcomes are put into the perspective of past collectively agreed wage changes and key institutional variables

19 October 2016

Women’s labour market participation in the European Union has increased over recent decades, passing 70% in 2014. In that year, women comprised almost 46% of the active EU labour market population.

11 October 2016

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

Well-functioning social dialogue is a key component for the successful design and implementation of reforms needed to increase the competitiveness of Europe’s economies and create more jobs. It balances workers’ and employers’ interests and contributes to both economic competitiveness and social

06 September 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the European Union and Norway.

05 September 2016

The use of supplementary employee reward systems has increased across Europe in recent decades, both in terms of the number of companies using them and the number of employees covered. Supplementary reward systems include performance-related pay, profit-sharing, payment by results and benefits in

01 September 2016

The German national statutory minimum wage for international truck drivers has caused considerable controversy. Some Member States fear it will damage the competitiveness of companies sending drivers to destinations via Germany. However, it is important to find a balance between promoting the free

16 June 2016

Online resources results (888)

Norway: Quick settlement in the 2017 bargaining round

In March 2017, the peak-level confederations achieved a quick resolution in their negotiations on this year’s wage increases for major parts of the Norwegian private sector. The agreement set a mark for other sectors in line with this trendsetting bargaining model. This year’s negotiations proved

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

New collective agreements providing small wage increases and improvements to education and training, taxi firm Uber’s exit from Denmark; and strengthened working environment rules are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Reform of the guaranteed minimum income, new collective bargaining in the banking sector and a major dispute in the health and social care sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Luxembourg in the first quarter

Finland: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The effects of the decision by the Confederation of Finnish Industries EK to terminate most peak-level agreements with trade unions and a setback for employment policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Romania: New law aims to tackle wage inequities in labour market

The Romanian government has proposed a new unitary pay law aimed at addressing the increasing wage imbalances across sectors. This article looks at the social partners’ views and the relevant regulations.

Norway: Low-paid workers fall behind

Most workers in Norway have had a substantial increase in their real wages in the past 15 years. However, a new report shows that low-paid workers – mostly found in the private service sector – have not had any rise in real wages in the last seven years and that wage inequality is growing.

Ireland: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The establishment of a Labour Employer Economic Forum, pay disputes involving the police and teachers, and the resolution of pay disputes by Dublin bus and tram drivers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Ireland

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The definition of hazardous jobs, measures to promote youth employment, a series of collective redundancies and proposals to alter wage formation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the third quarter of

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The drafting of the State budget (including discussions on the minimum wage), civil service reforms, an agreement on the State revenue system and debates on social insurance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maj 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Januar 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 Avgust 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Junij 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 Oktober 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Junij 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junij 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 April 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 Februar 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (4)

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