Politike trga dela
Akcijski načrt za evropski steber socialnih pravic določa, da se bo stopnja zaposlenosti prebivalstva v starosti od 20 do 64 let do leta 2030 povečala na vsaj 78 %. Za zagotovitev vključujoče rasti zaposlovanja so potrebne vključujoče politike trga dela, namenjene povečanju udeležbe premalo zastopanih skupin, kot so starejši, nizkokvalificirani ali invalidi, na trgu dela. Hkrati imajo aktivne politike trga dela, katerih cilj je povečati zaposlitvene možnosti za iskalce zaposlitve in izboljšati usklajevanje prostih delovnih mest in brezposelnih, ključno vlogo pri odpravljanju dolgotrajne brezposelnosti in obstoječih neskladij med ponudbo znanj in spretnosti ter povpraševanjem po njih. Primeri aktivnih politik trga trga poslovanja vključujejo usposabljanje, storitve usklajevanja ponudbe delovnih mest, subvencije za zaposlovanje, neposredno ustvarjanje delovnih mest za programe javnih del ali posebne programe, namenjene zagotavljanju prehoda iz šole v zaposlitev. Javni zavodi za zaposlovanje imajo ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju učinkovitih aktivnih politik trga in zagotavljanju dohodkovne podpore v obdobjih brezposelnosti.
Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.
Orodja politike zaposlovanja invalidov za vključevanje delodajalcev - Ozadje
Ta ozadje obravnava kontekst politike EU glede sodelovanja oseb z invalidnostjo na trgu dela, pregleduje glavne ovire za vrzel v zaposlovanju invalidov ter predstavlja politična orodja in prakse na delovnem mestu, ki podpirajo njihovo zaposlitev, zadrževanje in razvoj kariere.Foundation Forum 2025: Key takeaways
This paper provides the top 20 takeaways from the Foundation Forum 2025 which took place at IMMA Venues Dublin on 19–20 November 2025.Delovne naloge v EU: posledice za pomanjkanje znanj in spretnosti ter delovne sile
Ta članek ponuja nove dokaze o vrstah nalog, ki se izvajajo na delovnem mestu v Evropski uniji (EU). Izpostavljene so spremembe v nedavni strukturni sestavi zaposlovanja v EU-27.Eurofound spremlja strukturne spremembe na trgu dela prek evropskega orodja za spremljanje delovnih mest (EJM) in evropskega pregleda prestrukturiranja (ERM), vključno s pregledom pravnih instrumentov. Raziskave raziskujejo dinamiko trga dela, prakse podjetij, prestrukturiranje in sodelovanje socialnih partnerjev pri obravnavanju zelenega prehoda, ki temelji na politikah, napredujočih tehnoloških sprememb in globalne preoblikovanja dobavnih verig. Njen cilj je zagotoviti dokaze za razumevanje konkurenčnosti EU in okrepiti socialno-ekonomsko odpornost.
Ti dokazi o strukturnih spremembah na trgu dela prispevajo k oblikovanju politik trga dela in pobud industrijske politike, saj ponujajo znanje o morebitni nadgradnji ali polarizaciji delovnih mest, o tem, kako se spreminjajo zahteve glede nalog na delovnih mestih in ali se spremembe v strukturi zaposlovanja pospešujejo ali upočasnjujejo.
Preučevanje novih oblik dela, vključno z digitalno omogočenim, kot sta platformno delo in mobilno delo na podlagi IKT, pomaga oceniti njihovo razširjenost v daljšem časovnem obdobju ter kako priložnosti ali tveganja, ki jih ustvarjajo, vplivajo na zaposlitvene možnosti in obete na trgu dela za vključene ljudi. Eurofound še naprej posodablja svoj repozitorij v gospodarstvu platform z informacijami o razvoju in ureditvi zaposlovanja v tej vrsti gospodarske dejavnosti.
Podatkovna EU PolicyWatch zajema ukrepe, ki so jih vlade in socialni partnerji uvedli v državah članicah za ublažitev posledic nedavnih kriz – covida-19, vojne v Ukrajini in naraščajoče inflacije na podjetja, delavce in državljane. Navaja tudi politike za podporo digitalnemu in zelenemu prehodu ter podjetja, ki jih je treba prestrukturirati.
Člen 4 evropskega stebra socialnih pravic se osredotoča na aktivno podporo zaposlovanju. To podpira pravico do pravočasne in prilagojene pomoči za izboljšanje možnosti za zaposlitev ali samozaposlitev, pravico mladih do nadaljnjega izobraževanja, vajeništva, pripravništva ali ponudbe za zaposlitev v štirih mesecih po tem, ko postanejo brezposelni ali končajo izobraževanje prek jamstva za mlade, ter pravico brezposelnih do prilagojene, stalne in dosledne podpore. Evropska komisija je leta 2021 izdala priporočilo za učinkovito podporo zaposlovanju.
Evropska komisija: Priporočilo Komisije za učinkovito aktivno podporo zaposlovanjuopens in new tab (EASE)
V zadnjih letih je pomanjkanje delovne sile vse bolj glavni dejavnik, ki vpliva na trge dela v EU in zunaj nje. Po pandemiji COVID-19 je razširjenost pomanjkanja delovne sile postala ključna skrb za vlade in socialne partnerje. Med ključnimi dejavniki pomanjkanja delovne sile so demografske spremembe, kakovost delovnih mest ter zeleni in digitalni prehod.
Evropska komisija je marca 2024 predstavila akcijski načrt za odpravo pomanjkanja delovne sile in znanj in spretnosti, v katerem je določila ključne ukrepe, ki bi jih morale EU, države članice in socialni partnerji sprejeti za doseganje ciljev za leto 2030 na področju znanj in spretnosti ter zaposlovanja.
To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.
10 September 2024
Company practices to tackle labour shortages
This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to occupations in which shortages are common. Case studies were conducted across sectors and Member States to gain an insight into how organisations deal with recruitment and retention challenges in a tight labour market. The report offers lessons on steps employers can take to fill vacancies, whether acting alone or in partnership with other organisations. It builds on previous Eurofound research that developed a taxonomy of actions employers adopt aimed at addressing labour shortages.
21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
27 March 2023
Measures to tackle labour shortages: Lessons for future policy
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
20 July 2021
Tackling labour shortages in EU Member States
While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner interventions to tackle labour shortages, such as measures fostering geographical or occupational mobility, addressing skills shortages and underinvestment in skills, improving working and employment conditions, and providing better matching procedures.
18 April 2021
Disability and labour market integration: Policy trends and support in EU Member States
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and impacting the livelihoods of many citizens. Policymakers moved swiftly in an effort to mitigate the social and economic effects on businesses, workers and citizens. Eurofound’s COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database provides information on initiatives introduced to cushion these effects. Drawing on the content of this database of around 500 policy initiatives (April 2020), this report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers, setting this in the context of the evolving labour market situation.
Data: COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerDragoș Adăscăliței je raziskovalka v enoti za zaposlovanje pri Eurofoundu. Njegove trenutne raziskave se osredotočajo na teme, povezane s prihodnostjo dela, vključno z vplivom umetne inteligence na delovna mesta, posledicami avtomatizacije za zaposlovanje in regulativnimi vprašanji, povezanimi z delom na platformah. Redno prispeva tudi k primerjalnim projektom, ki spremljajo strukturne spremembe na evropskih trgih dela. Preden se je pridružil Eurofoundu, je bil predavatelj delovnih odnosov na Univerzi v Sheffieldu, Šoli za management. Ima magisterij iz političnih ved na Central European University in doktorat iz sociologije na University of Mannheim.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
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