Minimalna plača

Izraz "minimalna plača" se nanaša na regulativno omejitev najnižje stopnje, ki jo delodajalci plačujejo delavcem. Zakonsko določene minimalne plače urejajo formalni zakoni ali zakoni. Minimalne plače v kolektivnih pogodbah so določene v kolektivnih pogodbah med sindikati in delodajalci. Izraz "nacionalne minimalne plače" se uporablja, kadar imajo države eno (ali več) osnovnih stopenj, ki zajemajo delavce po vsej državi. Lahko so zakonsko ali kolektivno dogovorjeni.

Young barista preparing coffee using a professional coffee machine in a coffee shop

Novo in prihajajoče

Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.

Poročilo o raziskavi

21 July 2025

Minimalne plače v letu 2025: letni pregled
Felix Applerand 2 other authors

Letošnje poročilo predstavlja minimalne plačne stopnje za leto 2025 in kako so bile določene in posodobljene v letu 2024. Vključuje informacije o državah z nacionalnimi minimalnimi plačami in brez njih. Poleg tega vsebuje prvi primerjalni pregled o tem, kako so države članice prenesle direktivo o minimalni plači, in predstavlja nove ocene deleža prejemnikov minimalne plače in njihove zmožnosti, da si privoščijo stanovanje. Na koncu povzema raziskave o minimalnih plačah, objavljene v letu 2024.

Članek

23 June 2025

Minimalne plače pomembno vplivajo na dogovorjene in dejanske plače
Christine Aumayr-Pintar,
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
V zadnjih letih so se nacionalne minimalne plače v državah EU močno povečale, zaradi česar je njihov vpliv na kolektivna pogajanja o plačah in splošni razvoj plač vse pomembnejši. Ugotovitve kažejo, da nacionalne minimalne plače pozitivno vplivajo na dvig dogovorjenih ravni plač. Vendar pa je potrebna skrbna zasnova politike, da bi se izognili izrinjevanju kolektivnih pogajanj, zlasti v slabo plačanih sektorjih. Minimalne plače imajo tudi ključno vlogo pri izboljšanju ravni plač med najnižje plačanimi zaposlenimi, čeprav se učinki prelivanja pojavljajo v širši porazdelitvi plač.
Poročilo o raziskavi

23 June 2025

Vpliv nacionalnih minimalnih plač na kolektivna pogajanja in plače za slabo plačane delavce
+2
Enrique López-Bazoand 5 other authors

Zvišanje nacionalnih minimalnih plač ima lahko različne posredne učinke – lahko na primer privede do splošnejšega zvišanja plač in lahko vpliva na svobodo socialnih partnerjev pri kolektivnih pogajanjih. V tem poročilu je preučeno, kako spremembe nacionalnih minimalnih plač vplivajo na kolektivno dogovorjene in dejanske plače na izbranih slabo plačanih delovnih mestih in v izbranih slabo plačanih delovnih mestih in v sektorjih. Kvantitativna analiza uporablja podatkovno zbirko Eurofounda o minimalnih plačah za slabo plačane delavce v kolektivnih pogodbah za analizo učinka nacionalnih minimalnih plač na minimalne plače, sklenjene v kolektivnih pogodbah. Podatki iz statistike Evropske unije o dohodku in življenjskih pogojih se uporabljajo za analizo vpliva nacionalnih minimalnih plač na dejanske plače.

Kvalitativna analiza temelji na nacionalnih študijah primerov sektorjev stanovanjskega in socialnega varstva ter proizvodnje hrane in pijače v šestih državah članicah: Franciji, Nemčiji, na Portugalskem, v Romuniji, Sloveniji in Španiji. Te države članice so bile izbrane, ker se razlikujejo glede medsebojnega vpliva med nacionalnimi minimalnimi plačami in plačami v kolektivnih pogodbah. Analiza ugotavlja, da na splošno obstaja pozitivna povezava med zvišanjem nacionalnih minimalnih plač in spremembami dejanskih in dogovorjenih plač v nizko plačanih sektorjih, čeprav obstajajo razlike med državami.

O tej temi Minimalna plača

Izvedite več o tej temi in njenem pomenu za oblikovanje politik EU.

Ključni poudarki za Minimalna plača

To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.

21 July 2025

Poročilo o raziskavi

Minimalne plače v letu 2025: letni pregled

Letošnje poročilo predstavlja minimalne plačne stopnje za leto 2025 in kako so bile določene in posodobljene v letu 2024. Vključuje informacije o državah z nacionalnimi minimalnimi plačami in brez njih. Poleg tega vsebuje prvi primerjalni pregled o tem, kako so države članice prenesle direktivo o minimalni plači, in predstavlja nove ocene deleža prejemnikov minimalne plače in njihove zmožnosti, da si privoščijo stanovanje. Na koncu povzema raziskave o minimalnih plačah, objavljene v letu 2024.

26 January 2024

Poročilo o raziskavi

Minimum wages for low-paid workers in collective agreements

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24 low-paid sectors of interest – were selected to be ‘fully coded’ and representative data on negotiated minimum pay were compiled for 24 EU Member States. Based on more than 3,202 renewal texts, time series of collectively agreed minimum rates were created from 2015 to 2022 for 19 countries. This is the first time that an EU-wide data collection has provided comparative time series on negotiated pay. Key findings are is that in some countries outdated agreements contain rates below the applicable statutory minima, and that the potential of collective agreements to regulate pay generally or for employees earning higher wages than the minimum pay is not always fully capitalised on.

See also the national country reports (Eurofound papers), providing meta-data for the data collection, at the end of this web page.

27 November 2023

Poročilo o raziskavi

Minimum wages: Non-compliance and enforcement across EU Member States – Comparative report

In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary. It mostly affects young workers, those on fixed-term or part-time contracts and those working for small companies. It is more common in services than in manufacturing, and is characterised by shorter working time. Member States monitor, enforce and promote compliance in similar ways, although with some differences. This report identifies hindering and enabling factors. Some countries focus on specific economic sectors, such as construction, domestic work, platform work, agriculture and meat processing. National authorities often enforce minimum wages indirectly by helping employers comply, raising workers’ awareness, and helping stakeholders increase cooperation and develop faster procedures. Combining these soft initiatives with tougher measures increases the effectiveness of inspectorates’ actions in enforcing compliance with minimum wages.

30 November 2022

Poročilo o raziskavi

Regulating minimum wage and other forms of pay for the self-employed

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed. Out of concern for the challenging conditions faced by certain groups of self-employed workers, some Member States have established or are in discussions about proposing some statutory forms of minimum pay for selected categories of the self-employed. The main objective of the report is to understand how minimum wages, wage rates, tariffs, fees and other forms of pay could be fixed for specific jobs or professions in sectors having a high level of ‘vulnerable’ workers, as well as ‘concealed’ self-employed. While the majority of Member States allow trade union representation, the right to collective bargaining for the self-employed is much more limited. Only a small number of Member States provide examples of collectively agreed minimum wages or other forms of pay for the self-employed.

15 June 2022

Blogovski prispevek

How to ensure adequate minimum wages in an age of inflation

Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power among minimum wage earners. On 6 June 2022, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament reached a political agreement on the Directive on adequate minimum wages proposed by the Commission in October 2020. Once formally approved, EU Member States will have to transpose it into national law within two years.

22 January 2020

Serija publikacij

Minimum wages in the EU

This series reports on developments in minimum wage rates across the EU, including how they are set and how they have developed over time in nominal and real terms. The series explores where there are statutory minimum wages or collectively agreed minimum wages in the Member States, as well as minimum wage coverage rates by gender.  eurofound.link/efs027

Strokovnjaki o Minimalna plača

Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.

Carlos Vacas‑Soriano

Senior research manager
Employment research

Carlos Vacas Soriano je višji vodja raziskav v enoti za zaposlovanje pri Eurofoundu. Ukvarja se s temami, povezanimi z neenakostmi v plačah in dohodkih, minimalnimi plačami, nizko plačo, kakovostjo delovnih mest, začasno zaposlitvijo in segmentacijo ter kakovostjo delovnih mest. Preden se je leta 2010 pridružil Eurofoundu, je delal kot makroekonomski analitik za Evropsko komisijo in kot raziskovalec na evropskih trgih dela pri španski centralni banki. Magistriral je iz evropskih ekonomskih študij na College of Europe v Bruggeju in doktoriral iz ekonomije dela na Univerzi v Salamanci (doktor Europaeus).

Christine Aumayr-Pintar

Senior research manager
Working life research

Christine Aumayr-Pintar je višja vodja raziskav v enoti za delovno življenje pri Eurofoundu. Usklajuje Eurofoundove raziskave o socialnem dialogu in odnosih med delodajalci in delojemalci ter nadzira mrežo Eurofoundovih dopisnikov (NEC). Njeno primarno raziskovalno strokovno znanje – pristop s primerjalnega vseevropskega vidika – se osredotoča na minimalne plače, kolektivno dogovorjene plače in preglednost plač med spoloma. Preden se je leta 2009 pridružila Eurofoundu, je bila raziskovalka na področju trgov dela in regionalne ekonomije pri Joanneum Research v Avstriji. Magistrirala je iz ekonomije in doktorirala iz družboslovja/ekonomije, študirala je ekonomijo v Gradcu, na Dunaju in v Jönköpingu.

Vse vsebine za Minimalna plača

Ta razdelek omogoča dostop do vseh vsebin, ki so bile objavljene na to temo.

Flag of the European UnionThis website is an official website of the European Union.
How do I know?
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
The tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies