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Pracovní podmínky a udržitelná práce

Pracovní podmínky a udržitelná práce tvoří jednu ze šesti hlavních činností pracovního programu nadace Eurofound na období 2021–2024. Eurofound bude i nadále působit jako středisko odborných znalostí pro monitorování a analyzování vývoje v této oblasti, včetně informací o tom, jaký má krize způsobená onemocněním COVID-19 dopad na pracovní podmínky a kvalitu pracovních míst, jakož i na postupy na pracovištích.

V letech 2021–2024 poskytne Eurofound důležité informace o tom, jaké jsou problémy a vyhlídky v souvislosti s pracovními podmínkami a udržitelnou prací v EU. Na základě dlouhodobých zkušeností v této oblasti bude Eurofound zkoumat trendy a pokrok v průběhu času a identifikuje vznikající obavy v souvislosti s pracovními podmínkami a kvalitou pracovních míst. Analýza bude zahrnovat různé země, odvětví, povolání a skupiny pracovníků v tematických okruzích, jako je organizace práce práce z domova pracovní doba rovnováha mezi pracovním a soukromým životem rovné zacházení ochrana zdraví na pracovišti a dobré pracovní podmínky dovednosti a odborná příprava mzdy a vyhlídky a spokojenost s prací. Analýza se zaměří zvláště na nestandardní formy zaměstnání , zejména na samostatně výdělečnou činnost.

Vzhledem k demografické výzvě, které EU čelí v podobě stárnoucí populace ,a rostoucí rozmanitosti pracovního života bude Eurofound i nadále zkoumat faktory umožňující zůstat většímu počtu pracovníků v zaměstnání po delší dobu. Zaměří se také na zlepšování kvality pracovních míst, které by umožnilo větší účast na trhu práce a větší motivaci zaměstnanců a přispělo tak k udržitelné práci v průběhu života.

Souvislosti mezi prací a zdravím budou zkoumány v úzké spolupráci s Evropskou agenturou pro bezpečnost a ochranu zdraví při práci (EU-OSHA). Eurofound plánuje rozvíjet otázky týkající se budoucnosti práce a pracovních podmínek na celosvětové úrovni, na nichž spolupracovala s Mezinárodní organizací práce.

 

„Celkově je situace příznivá, jelikož pracovní podmínky v Evropské unii se zlepšují, i když velmi pomalu. Problémem ale je, že to neplatí pro všechny skupiny pracovníků. Záleží velmi na tom, v jakém odvětví pracujete, jakého vzdělání jste dosáhli, a také na tom, zda jste muž, nebo žena.“

Barbara Gerstenberger, vedoucí oddělení pracovního života

Topic

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Klíčová politická sdělení

Infografika 2021

Hlavní zjištění z výzkumu nadace Eurofound slouží jako podklady pro tvůrce politik, aby dokázali řešit klíčové problémy v této oblasti.

  • Zlepšení pracovních podmínek má zásadní význam pro zaměstnance i zaměstnavatele. Je třeba vzít v úvahu mnoho různých hledisek kvality pracovních míst. Kvalitní pracovní místa umožňují lidem, aby jejich pracovní život byl delší a lepší a přispívají k udržitelné práci a vhodné rovnováze mezi pracovním a soukromým životem.
  • Pracovní podmínky v EU se obecně zlepšují, i když pozvolna. U některých skupin pracovníků nebyl pokrok tak rychlý – záleží na druhu pracovní smlouvy, odvětví a úrovni dosaženého vzdělání.
  • Existuje mnoho způsobů, jak zlepšit pracovní podmínky a kvalitu pracovních míst v EU. Důležitou úlohu samozřejmě mají vlády, které by měly stanovit příslušný rámec prostřednictvím regulace. Důležitými aktéry jsou ale i zaměstnanci a zaměstnavatelé a jejich organizace. Místem, kde dochází se změně mnoha aspektů kvality pracovních míst, je pracoviště.
  • Pouze jedna pětina evropských společností přišla na to, jak dosáhnout optimálních pracovních podmínek a výkonnosti. Pracoviště, které se vyznačují vysokými investicemi a vysokým zapojením zaměstnanců, toho prokazatelně mají nejvíce co nabídnout jak zaměstnancům, tak zaměstnavatelům, podporují výkonnost a zlepšují kvalitu pracovních míst tím, že zvyšují samostatnost zaměstnanců, usnadňují jejich zapojení a podporují jejich odbornou přípravu a učení.
  • Mnozí lidé, zejména rodiče a další osoby s pečovatelskými povinnostmi, s obtížemi zvládají kombinaci pracovních a mimopracovních povinností. I když pružné uspořádání práce může s řešením těchto obtíží pomoci, přinášejí s sebou jiné problémy. Práce z domova například poskytuje větší svobodu volby, kdy a kde pracovat, ale může rovněž vést k tomu, že lidé pracují déle a intenzivněji a je pro ně obtížnější se od práce odpojit.
  • Častější využívání práce z domova během pandemie COVID-19 poukázalo na stírání hranic mezi pracovním a soukromým životem. Mnohé vlády a sociální partneři diskutují o „právu na odpojení“ s cílem zabránit tomu, aby velké skupiny pracovníků byly ohroženy fyzickým a emocionálním vyčerpáním.
  • V budoucnu by se sociální partneři měli snažit zahrnout ustanovení o dobrovolné povaze práce z domova nebo o vhodnosti konkrétních úkolů pro práci z domova do právních rámců či dohod. Rovněž bude důležité vyjasnit, jak mohou zaměstnavatelé přispět na výdaje spojené s prací z domova, jakož i poskytnout záruky ohledně dodržení zásady stejné odměny za stejnou práci a přístupu k odborné přípravě pro osoby, které pracují na dálku.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at work–life balance and some of the factors that help or hinder workers in combining working with non-working life.

23 December 2016

Low-wage jobs have been a focus of debate in six countries across Europe during 2016. However, the issues discussed have reflected differing national concerns. For some countries, the key issue is the integration of migrants into the labour market; for others, how to stimulate job creation and

23 December 2016

The Foundation Seminar Series (FSS) is an opportunity for governments, trade unions and employers to share knowledge and experiences on the development of EU social, employment and work-related policies.

23 December 2016

Although standard employment is still dominant in European labour markets, an increasing range of new employment forms is emerging that differ in their implications for working conditions. This study explores strategic employee sharing, an employment form for companies that have specific HR needs

21 November 2016

The sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) builds on the lessons learned from the previous five surveys to paint a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. EU employment policy priorities aim to boost employment levels, prolong working

17 November 2016

This topical update looks at the issue of employee involvement and participation at work, specifically reviewing recent pieces of research at EU and national level, EU directives, changes in the legal framework, social partner initiatives and debates identified in EurWORK quarterly reports during

25 October 2016

This article summarises the recent developments in collectively agreed pay in the European Union. It discusses the levels at which it is carried out, its coordination and coverage. The wage outcomes are put into the perspective of past collectively agreed wage changes and key institutional variables

19 October 2016

EU Member States have been passing laws to regulate opening hours for shops and businesses on Sundays. However, there are also Member States where new legislation is restricting opening hours. According to the European Working Conditions Survey, the proportion of workers reporting working Sundays

23 September 2016

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the European Union and Norway.

05 September 2016

Online resources results (1778)
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23 Leden 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

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9 Prosinec 2020
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

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Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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