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Mercados laborales integradores que funcionen adecuadamente

El buen funcionamiento de los mercados de trabajo constituye un requisito previo para aprovechar plenamente el potencial de generación de empleo de la economía a medida que esta emerge de la crisis económica y financiera. La crisis tuvo consecuencias muy diversas para el mercado laboral en los distintos Estados miembros de la UE, y algunos grupos como los jóvenes y las personas con bajo nivel educativo se vieron afectados con especial dureza. El rápido cambio estructural en curso plantea asimismo nuevos retos en lo que se refiere a posibles escaseces de mano de obra y desajustes de las competencias en distintos sectores y regiones.

La principal herramienta de la UE para promover el empleo y la integración social es el Fondo Social Europeo, que ayuda a los ciudadanos a conseguir un empleo, integra a los desfavorecidos en la sociedad, y garantiza unas oportunidades de vida más justas para todos. Existe asimismo una legislación europea de amplio alcance que regula los derechos de los trabajadores en el mercado laboral. Por otra parte, en abril de 2017, la Comisión Europea presentó el Pilar europeo de los derechos sociales. Se basa en la política social y laboral de la UE, y la complementa, con el fin de orientar las políticas emprendidas en otros ámbitos esenciales para el adecuado funcionamiento y la equidad de los mercados laborales y los sistemas de bienestar social.

Topic

Recent updates

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En respuesta a la guerra de Rusia contra Ucrania, la UE activó su Directiva de protección temporal para las personas que han huido del país, permitiendo que se establezcan en...

14 Junio 2023
Publication
Eurofound research paper

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Con la investigación de Eurofound se pretende profundizar en el conocimiento de la dinámica de los mercados laborales en toda Europa, fundamentando al mismo tiempo la política para la mejora de su funcionamiento. Dados los niveles de desempleo que se mantienen elevados de manera persistente en algunos Estados miembros, las políticas de apoyo a la reintegración de los desempleados en el mercado laboral, y las dirigidas a determinados grupos (jóvenes, migrantes, mujeres o desempleados de edad avanzada) revisten un especial interés. Eurofound ha generado un gran volumen de trabajo en esta área, haciendo hincapié en los últimos años en los asuntos relacionados con los jóvenes, el género y el trabajo, las nuevas formas de empleo, la movilidad y la migración, además de los salarios.

Aportaciones fundamentales

Eurofound ha considerado los retos sociales y en materia de empleo que afrontan los jóvenes. En los estudios al respecto se han examinado asuntos relacionados con la integración social y la necesidad de tener en cuenta la diversidad de los jóvenes vulnerables al formular políticas para asistirles. Se ha considerado además la iniciativa empresarial de los jóvenes y los tipos de medidas que han resultado eficaces para prestarles ayuda.

Otra línea de investigación ha puesto de relieve los costes económicos y sociales de la brecha de género en el empleo y ha evaluado la efectividad de las medidas de política que promueven la participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral.

En otra línea de investigación en curso se examinan nuevas formas de empleo que difieren del empleo estándar o no estándar tradicional, así como sus consecuencias para las condiciones de trabajo y los mercados laborales. Al estudio inicial de la tipología le siguieron varias revisiones pormenorizadas de nuevas formas de empleo específicas como la compartición estratégica de empleados y el trabajo en movilidad basado en las TIC.

Los estudios sobre movilidad han proporcionado una visión actualizada de la circulación de trabajadores en Europa y el efecto en la migración de la crisis económica.

Eurofound ha realizado además análisis exhaustivos de diversas cuestiones relacionadas con las transiciones en el mercado laboral, como la permanencia en el puesto de trabajo, el empleo temporal y las transiciones de los jóvenes de la educación al empleo.

Key outputs

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Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

27 Noviembre 2019
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (37)

Against a background of high youth unemployment, policymakers are paying more attention to encouraging young people to start their own businesses as a means of easing their entry into the labour market.

13 April 2016

Temporary employment has increased since the 1980s in most European countries as a result of demands for greater flexibility in labour markets and subsequent reforms of employment protection legislation. This report presents a broad picture of temporary employment across the EU27 between 2001 and

15 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

This report describes the findings of a study of change in job tenure between 2002 and 2012 in the EU. The study examined change in mean tenure as well as the distribution of short and long tenure in the EU and in individual Member States. It also looked at differences in tenure according to

15 July 2015

The level of youth unemployment is alarmingly high in several EU Member States, with rates of over 50% recorded in Spain and Greece in 2013. In light of the potential of entrepreneurs to create employment and sustainable growth, promoting youth entrepreneurship and making Europe more entrepreneur

29 April 2015

Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies

12 March 2015

The European Commission promotes geographical mobility as a strategy to reduce discrepancies between supply and demand in European labour markets. While migration levels are low within and across EU Member States by comparison with other OECD regions, the proportion of EU migrants working in the EU

31 October 2014

Young people in Europe continue to experience great difficulties in entering the labour market. Although the youth unemployment rate in a few Member States has started to fall, overall 23% of young European job-seekers aged 15–24 could not find a job in January 2014. In 2012, 14.6 million young

23 July 2014

En la presente edición de Foundation Focus se examinan aquellas prácticas mutuamente beneficiosas que contribuyen al crecimiento y a la innovación de las empresas a la vez que incrementan su competitividad. ¿Qué nos dice la Encuesta europea de empresas sobre las prácticas empleadas en el lugar de

07 July 2014

With the average age of the population rising, people aged 55–64 make up an increasing share of workers in Europe. This demographic shift, as well as ongoing threats to the sustainability of national welfare and pension systems, has increased pressure for reforms to encourage longer careers. This

29 April 2013

Online resources results (4)

Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

Blogs results (13)
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Diciembre 2020
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COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed

17 Agosto 2020
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 Noviembre 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 Mayo 2019
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 Abril 2018
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The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 Agosto 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term

20 Junio 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 Marzo 2017

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