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Des marchés du travail efficaces et inclusifs

Des marchés de l’emploi efficaces sont indispensables pour utiliser pleinement le potentiel de création d’emplois de l’économie à mesure que celle-ci émerge de la crise financière et économique. La crise a eu des conséquences très diverses sur le marché de l’emploi dans les États membres de l’UE, et certains groupes tels que les jeunes et les personnes ayant un faible niveau d’études ont été frappés de manière particulièrement dure. Les changements structurels rapides en cours entraînent également de nouveaux défis concernant d’éventuelles pénuries de main-d’œuvre et inadéquations entre l’offre et la demande de compétences dans divers secteurs et régions.

Le principal outil de l’UE pour encourager l’emploi et l’inclusion sociale est le Fonds social européen: il aide les personnes à obtenir un emploi, intègre les personnes défavorisées dans la société et renforce l’égalité des chances pour tous. De plus, une législation européenne de vaste portée réglemente les droits des travailleurs sur le marché de l’emploi. De plus, la Commission européenne a lancé en avril 2017 le socle européen des droits sociaux. Le socle s’appuie sur la politique sociale et liée à l’emploi de l’UE et la complète, afin d’orienter les politiques dans plusieurs domaines essentiels au bon fonctionnement et au caractère équitable des marchés de l’emploi et des systèmes de protection sociale.

Topic

Recent updates

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En réponse à la guerre de la Russie contre l'Ukraine, l'UE a activé sa directive relative à la protection temporaire (DPT) pour les personnes qui ont fui l'Ukraine, leur permettant...

14 juin 2023
Publication
Eurofound research paper

EU context

Le travail d’Eurofound

Les recherches d’Eurofound entendent approfondir la compréhension de la dynamique des marchés de l’emploi en Europe, tout en influençant les politiques pour améliorer leur fonctionnement. Étant donné que les niveaux de chômage demeurent élevés dans certains États membres de l’UE, les politiques visant à soutenir la réinsertion des chômeurs sur le marché de l’emploi et les politiques ciblant des groupes spécifiques (jeunes, migrants, femmes ou chômeurs plus âgés) revêtent un intérêt particulier. Eurofound a réalisé un vaste ensemble de travaux dans ce domaine, se concentrant au cours des dernières années sur les questions relatives aux jeunes, le genre et le travail, les nouvelles formes d’emploi, la mobilité et la migration, ainsi que les salaires.

Principales contributions

Eurofound a exploré les défis en matière d’emploi et les défis sociaux affrontés par les jeunes. Ses études ont examiné les questions relatives à l’inclusion sociale et à la nécessité de tenir compte de la diversité des jeunes vulnérables lors de l’élaboration des politiques visant à les aider. Eurofound a également étudié l’entrepreneuriat des jeunes et les types de mesures qui ont efficacement contribué à le soutenir.

Un autre domaine de recherche a souligné les coûts économiques et sociaux des disparités de genre en matière d’emploi et a évalué l’efficacité des mesures politiques favorables à la participation des femmes au marché de l’emploi.

Un domaine de recherche actuel examine les nouvelles formes d’emploi qui diffèrent de l’emploi traditionnel typique ou atypique, et analyse leurs incidences sur les conditions de travail et les marchés de l’emploi. Les recherches initiales consacrées à la typologie ont été suivies d’analyses approfondies de nouvelles formes d’emploi spécifiques, telles que le partage stratégique des travailleurs et le travail mobile fondé sur les TIC.

Les recherches sur la mobilité ont fourni un tableau actualisé de la circulation de la main-d’œuvre au sein de l’Europe et des effets de la crise économique sur les migrations.

Eurofound a également effectué des analyses approfondies de diverses questions liées aux transitions sur le marché de l’emploi, dont la sécurité de l’emploi, l’emploi temporaire et les transitions des jeunes de l’éducation à l’emploi.

Key outputs

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Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

27 novembre 2019
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (37)

Against a background of high youth unemployment, policymakers are paying more attention to encouraging young people to start their own businesses as a means of easing their entry into the labour market.

13 April 2016

Temporary employment has increased since the 1980s in most European countries as a result of demands for greater flexibility in labour markets and subsequent reforms of employment protection legislation. This report presents a broad picture of temporary employment across the EU27 between 2001 and

15 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

This report describes the findings of a study of change in job tenure between 2002 and 2012 in the EU. The study examined change in mean tenure as well as the distribution of short and long tenure in the EU and in individual Member States. It also looked at differences in tenure according to

15 July 2015

The level of youth unemployment is alarmingly high in several EU Member States, with rates of over 50% recorded in Spain and Greece in 2013. In light of the potential of entrepreneurs to create employment and sustainable growth, promoting youth entrepreneurship and making Europe more entrepreneur

29 April 2015

Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies

12 March 2015

The European Commission promotes geographical mobility as a strategy to reduce discrepancies between supply and demand in European labour markets. While migration levels are low within and across EU Member States by comparison with other OECD regions, the proportion of EU migrants working in the EU

31 October 2014

Young people in Europe continue to experience great difficulties in entering the labour market. Although the youth unemployment rate in a few Member States has started to fall, overall 23% of young European job-seekers aged 15–24 could not find a job in January 2014. In 2012, 14.6 million young

23 July 2014

Ce numéro de Foundation Focus se penche sur les pratiques avantageuses pour tous, sur le lieu de travail en Europe, qui aident les entreprises à se développer et à innover, tout en renforçant leur compétitivité. Que nous apprend l’enquête sur les entreprises européennes quant aux pratiques en

07 July 2014

With the average age of the population rising, people aged 55–64 make up an increasing share of workers in Europe. This demographic shift, as well as ongoing threats to the sustainability of national welfare and pension systems, has increased pressure for reforms to encourage longer careers. This

29 April 2013

Online resources results (4)

Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

Blogs results (13)
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 décembre 2020
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COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed

17 août 2020
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 novembre 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 mai 2019
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 avril 2018
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The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 août 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term

20 juin 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 mars 2017

Upcoming publications results (1)

During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and

May 2024

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