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Mercati del lavoro funzionanti e inclusivi

Il buon funzionamento dei mercati del lavoro è un prerequisito per sfruttare appieno il potenziale dell’economia in termini di creazione di posti di lavoro una volta superata la crisi finanziaria ed economica. La crisi ha avuto innumerevoli conseguenze per il mercato del lavoro negli Stati membri dell’UE e alcuni gruppi come i giovani e le persone con un basso livello di istruzione ne sono stati particolarmente colpiti. Inoltre, i rapidi cambiamenti strutturali in corso comportano nuove sfide legate a eventuali carenze di manodopera e squilibri tra domanda e offerta di competenze in vari settori e regioni.

Il principale strumento dell’UE per promuovere l’occupazione e l’inclusione sociale è il Fondo sociale europeo che aiuta le persone a trovare un lavoro, integra i soggetti svantaggiati nella società e garantisce opportunità di vita più eque per tutti. Vi è inoltre un’ampia normativa europea che disciplina i diritti dei lavoratori nel mercato del lavoro. Per di più, nell’aprile 2017, la Commissione europea ha istituito il pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali, che amplia e integra la politica sociale e occupazionale dell’UE al fine di orientare le politiche in alcuni ambiti fondamentali per il buon funzionamento e per l’equità dei mercati del lavoro e dei sistemi previdenziali.

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Recent updates

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In risposta alla guerra della Russia contro l’Ucraina, l’UE ha attivato la direttiva sulla protezione temporanea per le persone fuggite dal paese, consentendo loro di stabilirsi nell’UE e di accedere...

14 Giugno 2023
Publication
Eurofound research paper

EU context

Il lavoro di Eurofound

Le ricerche di Eurofound mirano ad approfondire la comprensione delle dinamiche dei mercati del lavoro in tutta Europa, informando la sfera politica affinché migliori il loro funzionamento. Considerati i livelli costantemente elevati di disoccupazione in alcuni Stati membri, le politiche a sostegno della reintegrazione dei disoccupati nel mercato del lavoro e quelle rivolte a gruppi specifici (giovani, migranti, donne o disoccupati anziani) rivestono particolare interesse. Eurofound ha prodotto un ampio corpus di testi in questo settore, incentrandosi negli ultimi anni su questioni quali i problemi dei giovani, i rapporti tra genere e lavoro, nuove forme di occupazione, la mobilità e la migrazione nonché le retribuzioni.

Contributi chiave

Eurofound ha analizzato le sfide occupazionali e sociali affrontate dai giovani. Alcuni studi hanno esaminato questioni riguardanti l’inclusione sociale e la necessità di considerare la diversità dei giovani vulnerabili quando si elaborano politiche di sostegno nei loro confronti. Inoltre Eurofound si è occupato dell’imprenditorialità giovanile e dei tipi di misure rivelatisi efficaci nel favorirla.

Un altro filone di ricerca ha evidenziato i costi sociali ed economici del divario occupazionale di genere e ha valutato l’efficacia di misure politiche volte a promuovere la partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro.

Un ulteriore filone di ricerca in corso esamina nuove forme di occupazione diverse dall’occupazione tradizionale (standard o non standard) e tratta le relative conseguenze per le condizioni e i mercati del lavoro. Alla ricerca iniziale in materia di tipologia hanno fatto seguito esami approfonditi su nuove forme specifiche di occupazione, quali la condivisione strategica dei dipendenti e il lavoro mobile svolto tramite dispositivi TIC.

La ricerca in materia di mobilità ha fornito un quadro aggiornato per quanto riguarda la circolazione della manodopera in Europa e l’impatto della crisi economica sulle migrazioni.

Eurofound ha anche condotto analisi approfondite su vari temi correlati ai cambiamenti sul mercato del lavoro, tra cui l’anzianità lavorativa nella stessa impresail lavoro a tempo determinato e il passaggio dei giovani dalla formazione alla professione.

Key outputs

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Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

27 Novembre 2019
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (37)

Against a background of high youth unemployment, policymakers are paying more attention to encouraging young people to start their own businesses as a means of easing their entry into the labour market.

13 April 2016

Temporary employment has increased since the 1980s in most European countries as a result of demands for greater flexibility in labour markets and subsequent reforms of employment protection legislation. This report presents a broad picture of temporary employment across the EU27 between 2001 and

15 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

This report describes the findings of a study of change in job tenure between 2002 and 2012 in the EU. The study examined change in mean tenure as well as the distribution of short and long tenure in the EU and in individual Member States. It also looked at differences in tenure according to

15 July 2015

The level of youth unemployment is alarmingly high in several EU Member States, with rates of over 50% recorded in Spain and Greece in 2013. In light of the potential of entrepreneurs to create employment and sustainable growth, promoting youth entrepreneurship and making Europe more entrepreneur

29 April 2015

Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies

12 March 2015

The European Commission promotes geographical mobility as a strategy to reduce discrepancies between supply and demand in European labour markets. While migration levels are low within and across EU Member States by comparison with other OECD regions, the proportion of EU migrants working in the EU

31 October 2014

Young people in Europe continue to experience great difficulties in entering the labour market. Although the youth unemployment rate in a few Member States has started to fall, overall 23% of young European job-seekers aged 15–24 could not find a job in January 2014. In 2012, 14.6 million young

23 July 2014

Questo numero del bollettino Focus Foundation è dedicato alle pratiche vantaggiose per tutti adottate nei luoghi di lavoro europei, che aiutano le aziende a crescere e a innovare, aumentando nel contempo anche la loro competitività. Che cosa ci dice l’indagine sulle imprese europee circa le prassi

07 July 2014

With the average age of the population rising, people aged 55–64 make up an increasing share of workers in Europe. This demographic shift, as well as ongoing threats to the sustainability of national welfare and pension systems, has increased pressure for reforms to encourage longer careers. This

29 April 2013

Online resources results (4)

Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

Blogs results (13)
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Dicembre 2020
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COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed

17 Agosto 2020
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 Novembre 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 Maggio 2019
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 Aprile 2018
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The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 Agosto 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term

20 Giugno 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 Marzo 2017

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