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Employee representation

Employee representation may be defined as the right of employees to seek a union or individual to represent them for the purpose of negotiating with management on such issues as wages, hours, benefits and working conditions. In the workplace, workers may be represented by trade union and through works councils – or similar structures elected by all employees. EU law has established rights and obligations for employees and their representatives to be informed and consulted via a set of directives that provide for the information and consultation of the workers, at both national and international level.

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (74)

Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

05 December 2023

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

Como parte de su mandato de promover el diálogo entre los interlocutores sociales, Eurofound ha realizado un seguimiento y un análisis de la evolución de los sistemas de relaciones laborales a escala de la UE y de los Estados miembros de la UE durante más de 40 años. El presente informe de

11 December 2020

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective

05 November 2020

The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in

10 September 2020

This study examines the interaction between social dialogue practices and human resources management (HRM) policies in European multinational companies (MNCs). It looks at the changing role of HRM and its interaction with European Works Councils (EWCs), which can act as a link between different

16 June 2020

In light of the limited action in many Member States to introduce or review gender pay transparency instruments as recommended, in November 2017 the European Commission announced the possible need for further targeted measures at EU level. This report reviews experiences in four Member States –

07 February 2018

This topical update looks at the issue of employee involvement and participation at work, specifically reviewing recent pieces of research at EU and national level, EU directives, changes in the legal framework, social partner initiatives and debates identified in EurWORK quarterly reports during

25 October 2016

This report maps, analyses and discusses key dimensions and indicators for a comparative framework of industrial relations. It then identifies and assesses existing data sources that can be used to measure the different dimensions of the comparative framework.

30 September 2016

Well-functioning social dialogue is a key component for the successful design and implementation of reforms needed to increase the competitiveness of Europe’s economies and create more jobs. It balances workers’ and employers’ interests and contributes to both economic competitiveness and social

06 September 2016

Online resources results (298)

Debate and negotiations over trade union funding

The debate over the funding of French trade unions from external sources has been given new momentum by two recent studies into the activities in this area of jointly-managed social security agencies. Two agreements concluded in June 2000 are designed to clarify this issue in a particular sector or

Costs and benefits of EWCs assessed

In June 2000, the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) published a study of the costs and benefits of European Works Councils (EWC s) prepared on its behalf by independent consultants. The report ("Costs and benefits of the European Works Councils Directive", Tina Weber, Peter Foster and Kursat

Statutory trade union recognition procedure comes into force

The statutory trade union recognition provisions of the Employment Relations Act 1999 [1] (UK9903189F [2]) were brought into effect by the government on 6 June 2000. The new legislation provides that, where a union claim for recognition for collective bargaining purposes cannot be resolved

Draft agreement reached on conciliation and arbitration

In Italy, the resolution of individual labour disputes is generally submitted to the ordinary courts, and as a result the Italian legal system is overloaded with such disputes. This overload, along with the onerous terms for the workers involved and the excessive length of the procedure, have led

Social elections bring little change

The results of workforce "social elections" of employee representatives on works councils and committees for prevention and protection at the workplace - on the basis of lists of candidates mainly drawn up by trade unions - are, along with trade union membership figures, one of the objective

Calls for review of trade union representativeness rules

The statutory system governing the "representative" status of trade unions affords the major French union confederations a virtual monopoly in bargaining and representation. In May 2000, the CFDT union confederation, following the lead of CGT, came out in favour of an review of the criteria for

Commission reports on implementation of European Works Councils Directive

In April 2000, theEuropean Commission adopted a report to theEuropean Parliament and the EU Council on the application of the 1994 European Works Councils (EWCs) Directive (94/45/EC) [1]. The report, prepared as part of the process of review after five years, which is written into the Directive

Immediate future of Longbridge secured after sale of Rover to Phoenix consortium

On 9 May, the immediate future of the Longbridge car plant was secured when the Phoenix consortium bought Rover from the German-based BMW for GBP 10. The final 12 days leading up to the signing of the deal had been fraught with uncertainty after venture capitalists Alchemy Partners withdrew suddenly

New textiles agreement contains important clauses on employment and participation

The new collective agreement for the Spanish textiles and clothing industry, signed in April 2000, contains important clauses on improving employment and the participation of workers' representatives. This agreement will have a great impact in the sector and will be a reference for bargaining in

CC.OO holds seventh congress

Spain's CC.OO trade union confederation held its seventh congress in April 2000. The congress confirmed the strategic line that has been followed since 1996, but with the disagreement of a minority of about 30% of members. Antonio Gutiérrez, who had led the confederation for the 12 years, was


Blogs results (1)
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

20 Noviembre 2019
Data results (1)
24 Octubre 2023
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