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L’ère numérique: opportunités et défis pour le travail et l’emploi

La capacité du genre humain à stocker, transmettre et manipuler des informations s’est considérablement accrue au cours de ces dernières années grâce aux innovations dans les technologies de l’informatique et des télécommunications. Ces technologies (TIC) ont d’importantes répercussions sur la plupart des domaines de l’économie, ce qui entraîne une accélération générale du rythme de l’évolution technique. Parallèlement, le contenu, l’organisation, la conception, la législation et la protection du travail sont autant d’aspects soumis à de profonds changements en cette époque dominée par le numérique. Bien souvent, ces changements brouillent aussi les frontières entre les différentes dimensions du travail et entre le travail, l’emploi et l’activité non professionnelle.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Les décideurs politiques doivent obtenir les connaissances qui leur permettront d’appréhender des problématiques telles que l’élaboration d’une législation adaptée, la manière de garantir la protection sociale au sens large et l’équilibre à trouver entre les exigences des entreprises, de nos sociétés et des individus dans la mise à profit du potentiel considérable de la numérisation.

En 2015, la Commission européenne a adopté sa stratégie pour un marché unique numérique en Europe, l’érigeant en priorité politique. Cette stratégie est propre à créer des opportunités centrées sur le numérique pour les citoyens et les entreprises; elle vise en outre à consolider la position de l’UE en tant que leader mondial de l’économie numérique. Elle vise également à améliorer l’accès à l’information, à contribuer à la création d’emplois pour les personnes disposant des compétences numériques adéquates et à transformer les services publics.  Au vu de l’essor de l’économie collaborative à travers l’UE, la Commission s’est fixé comme objectif de stimuler le développement de services nouveaux et novateurs tout en garantissant des mesures de protection appropriées. Dans son agenda européen pour l’économie collaborative, publié en 2016, la Commission clarifie les règles et les recommandations politiques dans ce domaine pour les citoyens, les entreprises et les États membres.

Le travail d’Eurofound

Eurofound se penche sur les conséquences plus larges de l’ampleur et de la portée des techniques numériques pour le marché du travail par rapport aux conditions de travail, à la réglementation du travail et au-delà.

Les répercussions sur l’emploi des technologies révolutionnaires dans le secteur des services sont examinées. Eurofound analyse également les conséquences potentielles de l’économie des plates-formes, notamment du travail participatif, pour le marché du travail. En outre, les recherches sur les conditions de travail et d’emploi des travailleurs mobiles du domaine des TIC se poursuivent.

Elles porteront sur la nature du travail et de l’emploi à l’ère numérique en mettant l’accent sur:

Principales contributions

Un rapport établi conjointement avec l’Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) sur l’affranchissement par rapport aux horaires et aux lieux des activités professionnelles individuelles étudie les effets du télétravail et du travail mobile fondé sur les TIC sur des aspects précis des conditions de travail.

La Série de séminaires de la Fondation (FSS) offre aux gouvernements, aux syndicats et aux employeurs un espace de discussion dédié aux politiques de l’UE concernant les aspects sociaux et relatifs au travail et l’emploi de l’UE. En 2016, la FSS s’est concentrée sur les effets de la numérisation sur le travail et sur la mise en place de programmes nationaux pour une meilleure mise en œuvre des changements numériques.

Key outputs

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Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen...

12 septembre 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

  • In 2021, Eurofound will finalise and publish its 2020 work programme research on the impact of digitisation technologies on work organisation and working conditions and launch its online flagship resource on digitalisation.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Sara Riso is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is involved in research projects in the areas of employment change and restructuring. She joined...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Tina Weber is a research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Having previously shared her time between the Employment and Working Life units, her work has focused on labour...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (44)

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008–2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting labour

28 March 2024

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

Le présent rapport traite de l’incidence de la crise de la COVID-19 sur les services sociaux dans l’UE. Si la pandémie a eu un impact négatif sur les services sociaux, elle a néanmoins permis de tirer des enseignements quant à la manière de les adapter en réponse à de nouveaux défis et risques

16 August 2023

The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing n

16 May 2023

On request by the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Eurofound prepared a background paper as a basis for the discussion at the informal Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) meeting on 3-4 May 2023. The paper outlines some of the key challenges

04 May 2023

Alors que les économies commencent à se remettre de la pandémie de COVID-19, les pénuries de main-d’œuvre deviennent de plus en plus manifestes malgré l’incidence de la guerre en Ukraine sur les prix de l’énergie et des matières premières. Il s’agit notamment de pénuries exacerbées par la crise dans

28 March 2023

Le présent rapport expose les recherches d’Eurofound sur le télétravail pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 en 2020 et 2021. Il examine les changements dans l’incidence du télétravail, les conditions de travail des salariés travaillant à domicile et les modifications de la réglementation portant sur les

08 December 2022

Le secteur de la banque de détail est un terrain fertile pour étudier les incidences de la numérisation sur le travail et l’emploi. Les services financiers sont de plus en plus souvent fournis en ligne, sans l’intervention d’établissements accueillant des clients. De nombreuses banques de ce secteur

26 September 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

Online resources results (25)
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Lloyds bank’s digital transformation

Lloyds Banking Group is investing £3 billion (€3.35 billion) in technology and staff to improve its digital services. As a result, the Group has announced that it is cutting over 6,000 existing positions while creating 8,000 new jobs oriented towards digital technologies. The move reflects the

Platform work and employment conditions Informal meeting of EU Employment and Social Policy Ministers (EPSCO), 19 July 2018, Vienna, Austria Presentation by Juan Menéndez-Valdés, Director, Eurofound

19 juillet 2018

Spain: AXA recognises workers’ right to turn phones off out of working hours

The beginning of 2017 witnessed increasing debate on allowing workers to disconnect their digital devices after working hours. In July 2017, insurance company AXA became the first company in Spain to recognise workers’ right to do so. The government is currently studying possible legislation in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Recommendations to position Denmark as a digital frontrunner in Europe, legislative proposals for health and safety and the terms of reference of the working environment committee are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

Italy: New rules to protect self-employed workers and regulate ICT-based mobile work

Italy’s parliament has approved new legislation giving protection to self-employed workers and regulating ICT-based mobile work. Employer organisations have generally welcomed it, but unions criticise the legislation for its weak wording, the limited leeway left to collective bargaining, and for the

Germany: Working time back on the social partners' agenda

Working time is set to be a high priority during the next collective bargaining round, according to the German Metalworkers’ Union (IG Metall), whose recent survey looked at working time satisfaction. Another survey, by the Federation of German Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The inability of the national social partners to agree salary recommendations; digital disconnection after working hours; and the effects of the increase in the minimum wage on employment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

France: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Preparations for the presidential election and a revival of national social dialogue with the signing of a new collective agreement on the unemployment insurance scheme are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in France

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Employers requesting government help in hiring foreign labour, plus government attempts to deal with the fourth industrial revolution and the digitalisation of the economy, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the


Blogs results (23)
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The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising. Yet, in

27 septembre 2022
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 juillet 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 juin 2022
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Whether it is couch surfing, baby-sitting, pizza delivery or getting Ikea furniture assembled by somebody who can do it better, platforms can mediate all kinds of voluntary or professional services. Platform work is at the heart of the ‘sharing economy’. But while this may sound like a new form of

31 mars 2022
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When it comes to Europe’s COVID-19 recovery and its aspiration to build back a more resilient society, the so-called green and digital transitions have dominated EU policy discussions. And as Eurofound made preparations for the 2022 Foundation Forum – a unique occasion for high-level debate on the

11 mars 2022
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The advent of AI has far more consequences for how work is organised, performed and valued than any previous technological revolution. In order to make the most of this digital transformation we need inclusive and nuanced policy debates on its employment effects and how to future-proof policies: we

8 décembre 2021
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The massive and rapid adoption of telework in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 lockdowns exposed gaps in the legislation governing telework arrangements across the EU Member States. In some cases, there was no regulation in place; in others, it was too restrictive. Governments scrambled to put

31 mai 2021
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While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion. The well-known

24 février 2021
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The COVID-19 pandemic compelled governments to take exceptional measures to monitor and control the spread of the Coronavirus. Among them was the introduction in most EU Member States of tracking apps to gather data on citizens who have contracted the virus and to trace their contacts, a measure

13 janvier 2021
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​​​​​​​With remote working becoming the new normal for many workers, it is surely the case that many employers are anxious to ensure that their employees are putting in full working days. Companies are likely to be investing in and deploying digital technologies for tracking employee performance

9 décembre 2020

Upcoming publications results (4)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

The interaction between workers and robots is expected to increase in modern workplaces due to rapid advancements in robotic technologies. Advanced robots often leverage progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technologies to achieve a higher level of sophistication and

July 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Data results (1)
24 octobre 2023
Reference period:

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