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Dialogo sociale

Il dialogo sociale si può definire come un insieme di negoziati, consultazioni, azioni congiunte, discussioni e informazioni condivise che riguardano datori di lavoro e lavoratori. Un dialogo sociale funzionante è uno strumento chiave nella creazione delle condizioni di lavoro, coinvolgendo vari soggetti a diversi livelli, e consente di trovare un equilibrio tra gli interessi dei lavoratori e quelli dei datori di lavoro, contribuendo altresì alla competitività economica e alla coesione sociale.

Recenti dibattiti politici al livello dell’Unione europea hanno evidenziato che, in particolare dopo la crisi del 2008, l’emergere di nuovi dibattiti sulla giustizia sociale, la democrazia e la qualità del lavoro nonché di nuovi modelli per i rapporti di lavoro hanno messo in discussione le tradizionali relazioni industriali e le modalità di dialogo sociale.

Il 5 marzo 2015, trent’anni dopo la storica inaugurazione del dialogo sociale europeo nel castello Val Duchesse di Bruxelles, la Commissione ha posto le basi di un nuovo inizio per il dialogo sociale in occasione di un evento ad alto livello che ha riunito le organizzazioni delle parti sociali di tutta Europa. Il dialogo sociale europeo è uno strumento della politica sociale dell’UE che contribuisce direttamente a plasmare il diritto e le politiche del lavoro dell’Unione.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Il lavoro di Eurofound

I responsabili delle politiche necessitano di prove concrete per comprendere i cambiamenti che avvengono nel mercato del lavoro e rispondere alla mutevole dinamica delle relazioni industriali europee. Eurofound si serve di dati e analisi che provengono dalla sua rete di corrispondenti nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia per identificare tendenze e modelli e indicare esempi di dialogo sociale funzionante sia a livello europeo che a livello nazionale.

Le ricerche di Eurofound approfondiscono aspetti quali la partecipazione e la rappresentanza dei lavoratori, la contrattazione collettiva e le relazioni industriali a tutti i livelli, esaminando il grado di adattamento di tali relazioni industriali all’avvento delle organizzazioni multinazionali e adottando una prospettiva globale che raffronta i sistemi delle relazioni industriali e i risultati di economie extra-UE, come gli Stati Uniti e il Giappone.

Contributi chiave

Eurofound ha prodotto un vasto corpus di testi che copre un periodo ultraquarantennale, descrivendo i tanti e mutevoli risvolti del dialogo sociale in Europa a diversi livelli (aziendale, nazionale, europeo e internazionale).

Negli ultimi anni, Eurofound ha condotto analisi approfondite su vari argomenti della massima importanza per il dialogo sociale, tra cui: 

Gli studi di rappresentatività affidati dalla Commissione a Eurofound nel 2006 vertono su molti settori e forniscono le informazioni di base necessarie per l’istituzione e il funzionamento dei comitati europei di dialogo sociale settoriale.

Risorse

Sviluppato nel 2005 come strumento di riferimento online per i decisori politici e i professionisti, il dizionario europeo delle relazioni industriali è una fonte preziosa di informazioni sull’occupazione e sulle relazioni industriali nell’UE. I profili della vita lavorativa per paese forniscono informazioni contestuali pertinenti sulle strutture, sulle istituzioni e sui regolamenti posti alla base della vita lavorativa nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia, nonché al livello dell’UE.

L’obiettivo delle banche dati in materia di contrattazione salariale collettiva e di retribuzioni, orario lavorativo e controversie collettive è quello di offrire ai ricercatori e ai responsabili delle politiche informazioni quantitative e qualitative su questi argomenti in tutti gli Stati membri e in Norvegia dal 2000 ad oggi.

Key outputs

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Di recente, a eccezione di alcuni picchi intermittenti, si è verificata una generale diminuzione delle azioni sindacali negli Stati membri dell’UE. Durante la pandemia di COVID-19 questo trend è proseguito...

7 Febbraio 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Nell’ambito del suo mandato di promozione del dialogo tra le parti sociali, Eurofound ha monitorato e analizzato gli sviluppi dei sistemi di relazioni industriali a livello di UE e negli...

11 Dicembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Romania: Amendments to law on social dialogue proposed in parliament

In May 2015, the Romanian Parliament adopted a set of amendments to the Social Dialogue Act. However, in June, the President sent the law back to Parliament for reexamination, claiming that the criteria for representativeness of unions at company level must be reduced.

Finland: New government challenges tradition of tripartite consensus

Finland’s new right-wing coalition government has challenged the country’s tradition of tripartite consensus. When taking office in May 2015, its plan to revitalise the economy included a threat of additional austerity measures if the social partners did not agree to a 'social contract' to improve

Norway: Moderate outlook dominates mid-year pay negotiations

The 2015 negotiations of wage rates in nationwide collective agreements were characterised by moderation, as social partners adapted their demands to a bleaker economic outlook. The trend-setting industries agreement is estimated to increase wages by 2.7% in 2015.

Lithuania: Unions protest at new draft social model law

The draft legislation on a new social model has prompted widespread protest from trade unions who fear that the new law will undermine social guarantees and have negative effects on working conditions.

France: New bill on social dialogue should bolster employee representation

Rules to modernise social dialogue are being introduced in France after a new bill was adopted by parliament in July 2015. It heralds many changes for consultation bodies and collective bargaining at company level. The bill was launched by the government after social partners at national level

Bulgaria: Proposed electricity price rise sparks protest from both sides of industry

Planned rises in electricity prices have drawn heated objections from employer organisations and trade unions and have led to large demonstrations.

Austria: Unions adamantly oppose proposed opt-out clauses

A debate on opt-out-clauses could be seen as a sign of a rougher political climate between the social partners, implying changes to the basics of the traditional social partnership model in Austria.

Italy: Much-debated education reform bill called to vote

In July of this year, a significant reform of the Italian educational system was approved. Through the measures, the government aims to modernise the national school system and so foster a more highly skilled workforce and managerial class. However, the reform process has been strongly criticised by


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Giugno 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Ottobre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Ottobre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Aprile 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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